【作者】 张明；

【导师】 王成毓；

【作者基本信息】 东北林业大学 ， 林产化学加工工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 由于超疏水性材料合成技术的进一步提高,人们已不满于仅仅追求功能单一的超疏水性材料的制备与研究,如何开发智能超疏水性材料以及多功能超疏水性材料,成为世界各国专家与学者们的主要研究课题,如今已然成为该领域的发展主流。本文以超疏水性表面的制备原理为基础,通过不同的实验手段,目的是加强棉织物的超疏水稳定性,并赋予棉织物更多样化的性能。1.利用带正电的聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵聚合物以及带负电的二氧化硅微球为原料,通过层层自组装技术,利用十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷作为疏水改性剂,于棉织物表面制备了一种超疏水性薄膜,该棉织物表面与水的接触角可达155+2。。通过对比扫描电子显微镜图像、X光电子能谱(XPS)分析、水在棉织物表面的接触角大小,得到这样的结论,即超疏水性棉织物的成功制得归因于：由层层自组装技术制备而成的二氧化硅薄膜所提供的微米/亚微米级粗糙结构、低表面能材料FAS于薄膜表面的成功接枝。2.通过预处理棉织物和二氧化硅,利用两者化学键和的作用于棉织物表面构建微纳米级粗糙结构,随后以低表面能物质对其进行改性。经处理后,棉织物表面与水的接触角从0°增大至160±2。,极限氧指数则由18.3%增大至20.9%,成功地同时赋予棉织物超疏水性能与阻燃性能。3.通过复合疏水性氧化锌与聚苯乙烯,于棉织物表面制备一种高强度超疏水性涂层,从而获得化学与机械稳定性优良的超疏水性材料(与水的接触角可达155+2。)。最重要的是该方法简单、温和且成本低廉,得到的棉织物超疏水性能不但更持久,还可以应用于油水分离领域。经测试,近100%的水与约92%的油酸可以被超疏水性棉织物所分离。4.制备了一种以棉织物为基底的超疏水/超亲油网膜,其与水的接触角为150±2。,与绝大部分有机溶剂的接触角为0°研究表明,该超疏水/超亲油性棉织物对不同类型油水混合液的分离效果不同,而后面我们将做进一步地定性定量分析。另外,最后一章对改性液中各成分对处理后棉织物热稳定性与抗紫外光照射能力的影响也进行了讨论,经测试,处理后得到的超疏水性棉织物对紫外光的透过率低至2%。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the improvement of nano technology, the superhydrophobic materials with single function have not satisfied requirements of people. So far, an increasing number of specialists and sholars have been devoted to the methods of developing intelligent, multi-functional superhydrophobic materials. Apparently, the product described above becomes the main trend in this field. Therefore, based on the principle of fabricating superhydrophobic surface, the following work will focus on enhancing the stable superhydrophobicity of cotton textiles, and endowing more multi-functional to cotton fabrics by different experimental routes.1. The superhydrophobic film on cotton surface (with the WCA of155±2°) has been prepared by utilizing cationic poly-DMDAAC and anionic silica particles together with subsequent modification of (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) trimethoxysilane. After the characterizations of SEM, XPS and WCA, the superhydrophobicity of treated cotton fabrics surfaces in this study could be explained by the combination of two effects:firstly, the effect of the roughness created by Layer-by-layer self-assembly deposition of cationic poly-DMDAAC and silica particles; and secondly, the contribution of a hydrophobic layer coated on the surface during silanization by (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) trimethoxysilane molecules.2. In the experiment described in the following, we will fabricate a cotton fabric with the important functions of superhydrophobicity, waterproofing and flame retardancy by the covalent deposition of amino-functionalized silica nanospheres on epoxy-functionalized cotton textile to generate surface roughness, followed by the hydrophobization with (heptadecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetradecyl) trimethoxysilane. The wetting behavior of cotton samples after decoration has been transformed from superhydrophicity to superhydrophobicity, and their LOI value of cotton fabric was only18.3%.3. We are so excited to report a simple drop-coating method for fabricating a robust superhydrophobic film on cotton surface (with the WCA of155±2°), which contains modified-ZnO nanoparticles and polystyrene. This superhydrophobic cotton surface presents the outstanding performences on mechanical durability and chemical stability. Most importantly, this cotton textile obtained by a single, feasible and cost-effective drop-coating procedure can be used in water-oil separation, which is rarely put forward and studied. Moreover, its superhydrophobic stability has been investigated after exposure to ambient air or immersion in oil and corrosive liquids as well. Thanks to the superhydrophobic cotton, nearly100%of the water was collected, while approximately92%of the oil was recovered.4. We will report a type of cotton textile with superhydrophobicity and superoleophilicity. The observations indicate that this cotton textile could separate different oil/water mixtures with different efficiencies. The separation of water and oil mixture by this cotton textile has been also investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. In addition, we have explored the UV-resistance and thermal stability of this superhydrophobic cotton textile. From the spectra, we observed that the treated textiles possessed excellent ability against ultraviolet radiation with the transmittance under2%in the range of200-400cm-1.更多还原