赵本山二人转小品的传媒化革新

【作者】 王慧玲；

【导师】 张积玉；

【作者基本信息】 陕西师范大学 ， 文艺与文化传播， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 二人转作为一种独特的民间草根艺术样式,以其顽强旺盛的生命力在东北大地上广泛流传三百年之久,并不断更新发展,已经逐渐走出东北地区,走向大江南北甚至扬名海外。东北二人转始终以诠释与传递东北文化为核心,在表演内容和表演形式上进行着与时俱进的创新。二人转是如何在传媒时代从异质性的草根文化实现突围,在都市的大舞台上崭露头角的?本文拟采用文献分析法、比较分析法、归纳法对二人转小品的传媒化改造路径进行分析。本文主要论述了以下四个方面的内容：第一,对传统二人转的特点进行分析总结。认为传统二人转具有流传地域封闭、演出的季节性强、走村串户的流动性演出、粗朴、野性的演出风格、艺术要素丰富等特点,从而展现出传统二人转和现代二人转的差异。同时引出了传媒化的概念,为下文分析赵本山是如何在传媒化的背景下对二人转小品进行革新的打下了基础。赵本山在宏大的传媒化的背景下将二人转推向了广阔的都市舞台,实现了从粗朴的乡野文化向流行的大众文化的华丽转身,并成为国务院公布的我国第一批国家级非物质文化遗产之一。第二,从表演内容方面介绍了赵本山二人转小品的传媒路径。在分析出传统二人转特点的基础上,结合具体的剧目文本,展现传统二人转是如何由“黄色”向“绿色”转变的,又是如何建设唱响舞台的“红色二人转小品”以及“黑色二人转小品”的。所谓“绿色二人转”,是指剔除“荤段子”、“粉词”、“荤词”以及低俗动作,要求艺人提高思想文化素质和艺术水平,讲究艺德,文明演出,净化二人转的演出市场；同时也积极倡导观众以纯净健康的心态来观演,尊重二人转艺人的人格和表演风格,在拒绝粗俗表演的同时也能不以粗俗的心态来欣赏二人转。由此打造一种干净、纯粹、具有浓厚乡野特色,反映农民乡野情怀和田间乐趣的“绿色”艺术。继“绿色二人转”之后,赵本山着力将二人转与时代精神相融合,在表演中注入了红色元素,大力弘扬主旋律,实现了二人转与红色文化的嫁接,给二人转赋予了时代内涵,逐渐成为人们生活中不可缺少的文化大餐。但是在建设的过程中也存在一定的盲从性,比如表演中有些逗笑比较生硬,带有二人转元素的小品演绎路线有走偏的倾向,即主题过于宏大、形式有些架空、歌功颂德的痕迹非常明显。“黑色二人转”的打造迎来了赵本山小品演艺的新阶段。这一时期的作品充分融入了二人转本身的元素与风格,用特定的民间幽默的方式间接地揭露社会,用欢笑来引发人们对于悲剧世界的反思,这种黑色幽默的演绎方式是通过以下几种方式表现的：1.以民间的通俗言语挑战定时观念,2.以喜剧的形式演绎悲剧社会,3.以丑角形象创造狂欢性。无论内容上如何更换、翻新,但存在于艺术内部的本质精神即土野、关注生活、娱乐精神一直没有丢弃。赵本山准确把握时代脉搏,坚持与时俱进地发展二人转艺术,实现了向主流意识形态的嫁接,在博得观众大笑的同时,也暗合着国家的大政方针。赵本山通过与主流媒体的合作以及文化产业链条的建设与发展,将二人转进行了广泛传播,也将政策进行了图解,强化了主流意识形态话语。第三,从表演形式方面介绍了赵本山二人转小品的传媒路径。“说、学、逗、唱、舞”是二人转表演的五功,本文以二人转的这五种民间艺术表演形式为框架深入分析了“说、学、逗、唱、舞”的现代化改造；“说口”的比重增加了,“学’的内容更加注重迎合受众,旦角也增加了“逗”的表演,“唱”的比重减少,唱段中“小帽”增多,“舞”的样式更加丰富,流行舞蹈被搬上了舞台。第四,对赵本山二人转小品的传媒化革新作了评价,指出了在改造过程中一方面有许多值得肯定的地方,比如对传统选择性的吸收,与时俱进地注入时代精神,汇入主旋律,用主流文化价值体系规范和提升,将这种民间草根文化发扬光大。但是另一方面也有不足的地方,过于迎合受众,导致对艺术本体的放逐,二人转小品诗意缺失,在一定程度上来说是对民间优秀文化的侵蚀,对大众审美判断以及青少年价值观也带来了诸多不良影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 Errenzhuan as a unique form of folk art,with its strong vitality in the northeast earth spread widely in two hundred or three hundred years, and update the development, has gradually out of the northeast area, on both sides of the Changjiang River even to overseas.Northeast Errenzhuan has always been to interpretation and transfer the northeast culture as the core, in the content of performance and performance forms of advancing with the times innovation.How does Errenzhuan realize the cultural breakthrough in the media era, cut a striking figure in the city on the stage?This paper uses the literature analysis, comparative analysis, analysis of induction of Errenzhuan pieces of media transformation path.This paper-mainly discusses the follwing four aspects:First, to summarize and analyze the characteristics of the traditional Errenzhuan.According to the traditional Errenzhuan has liquidity circulating area closed, show strong seasonal zoucunchuanhu, performance, simple, wild performance style, rich art elements etc,differences in order to distinguish between the traditional and modern Errenzhuan. At the same time leads to the concept of media, for the following analysis of how Zhao Benshan in the media under the background of the innovation to the Errenzhuan sketches to lay the foundation.Zhao Benshan in the grand media under the background of the Errenzhuan to broad urban stage, realized from the rustic countryside culture to the popular culture of the beautiful turn, in the2006become our country the first batch of national intangible cultural heritageSecond, introduce the media path of Zhao Benshan Errenzhuan from the contents of performance.In the analysis of the traditional Errenzhuan characteristics, combined with the opera text specific, show the traditional Errenzhuan is how to transform "yellow" to "green", and how to build the stage of the "red Errenzhuan" and "black Errenzhuan".The so-called "green Errenzhuan", refers to the elimination of "dirty","pink","dirty words" and vulgar action, request artists improve the ideological and cultural quality and artistic level, exquisite art, cultural shows, purifying Errenzhuan performance market; at the same time also advocate the audience with a healthy mentality to watch the show, respect the artist to watch, not vulgar performances for the purpose of. Thus to create a "green field" art with clean,pure,strong characteristics of countryside and reflect the farmers’ rustic feelings and fun.Following the "green Errenzhuan", Zhao Benshan tries to combine the Errenzhuan and the spirit of the times, into a red element in the show, carry forward the main melody vigorously, realised grafting Errenzhuan and red culture, and given to the times connotation, has become indispensable to life cultural feast gradually.But there are certain blindness in the process of construction, such as some laugh in performance is hard, with Errenzhuan elements sketch deduction route deviation tendency, namely the theme too ambitious, some form of overhead, the traces are very clear of flatter. Create a "black Errenzhuan" opened a new stage of Zhao Benshan’s Performing Arts.The works of this period fully into the Erenzhuan itself elements and style, with special folk humor indirectly reveal the social, using laughter to cause people to reflect the tragedy of the world, the Black Humor Interpretation of the way through the following form:1.Use popular folk speech challenge timing ideas,2.Use comedy in the form of society Interpretate tragedy society,3. creating carnival with the clown imageNo matter how changing content, renovation, but the essence of art:that is within the soil, pay attention to the life is wild, entertainment spirit has not abandoned.Zhao Benshan accurately grasp the pulse of the times, to keep pace with the times development Errenzhuan art, realised the grafting to the mainstream ideology, make the audience laugh, at the same time, also coincide with the national fundamental policy.Zhao Benshan through the cooperation with the mainstream media and cultural industry chain construction and development, the Errenzhuan were widely spread, also graph the policy, strengthen the mainstream ideology discourse. Third, introduce the media path of Zhao Benshan Errenzhuan from the style of acting."Say, learn, play, sing, dance" is five kinds of skills and performance.In this paper the five kinds of art form for the modernization framework in-depth analysis of the "say, learn, tease, sing, dance"."Say" has increased, the content of "learn" pay more attention to cater to the audience, Dan roles also increased the "funny" show, the proportion of "singing" reduced, Aria "cap" rise,"dance" style is more abundant, the popular dances onto the stage.Fourth, evaluation of the Zhao Benshan Errenzhuan Sketch of media nnovation points out that in the transformation process, there are a lot of advantage of hand, such as the traditional selective absorption, advancing with the times into the spirit of the times, into the main theme, with the mainstream culture value system standardize and upgrade, carry forward the civilian culture. But on the other hand also have the insufficient place, too much to cater to the audience, leading to the ontology of art and poetic exile, missing poetic, causing the erosion of folk culture, also brought a bad influence on the public aesthetic judgment and the values of the youth.更多还原