【作者】 乌日娜；

【导师】 姚雅锐；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 俄语语言文学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 人类的历史是一个不断发展和演变的过程，在这个过程中，人类越来越重视自身的需求，却忽视了承载人类生存和繁衍的自然；人类越来越重视自身的发展，却忽视了自然的生态平衡，忽视了子孙后代的发展。于是，人类犯下了一个又一个无法弥补的错误，导致了如今世界性的生态危机：全球变暖、臭氧层空洞、海洋污染、森林植被覆盖率逐年减小、草场退化和沙化、有毒有害废弃物急剧增加等等。这些严重的生态问题都是由人类亲手造成的，然而人类却对自身的行为没有反省和反思，仍然继续破坏着大自然的生态环境。本篇论文以全球性生态危机为背景，从生态批评的角度对瓦西里耶夫的生态小说《不要射击白天鹅》的进行解读。通过这部小说我们可以更多地了解人与自然、人与动物以及人与人之间的亲密关系。在全球生态危机的背景下，在人与自然、人与人关系的疏离中，瓦西里耶夫对大森林和森林中的小动物给予了关注，从不同的角度对破坏森林资源和生物多样性的行为进行了批判，表达出自己渴望人与自然和谐共存的心愿。鲍里斯·利沃维奇·瓦西里耶夫，苏联当代著名小说家，曾获得前苏联国家奖、俄罗斯总统奖等一系列殊荣。他的生态小说《不要射击白天鹅》是20世纪俄罗斯生态文学中不可忽视的一部作品，这部小说充分地体现了他的生态思想：造成人与自然、人与人之间不和谐的主谋是人类，他倡导人类积极承担生态责任，并提倡努力实现人与自然和谐共处。《不要射击白天鹅》的主人公叶戈尔是一个平凡而又伟大的护林员，瓦西里耶夫通过讲述在保护大自然的过程中善与恶、美与丑进行搏斗的故事，从人性、道德的高度来阐述人与自然的关系。在小说中，作家通过主人公叶戈尔的话语传达出自己的生态思想：人是自然的儿子，是它的长子，所以人类肆意破坏大自然的行为，就像是亲手把亲爱的妈妈撵进棺材一样，是一种极其不道德的行为。本文试图从生态批评角度对《不要射击白天鹅》的生态思想内蕴进行解读。论文的引言部分对生态文学、生态批评及瓦西里耶夫的基本情况进行了简单的介绍，并阐述了该小说的国内外研究状况、本篇论文的选题依据、研究方法、写作思路、研究意义等。正文分四个部分。第一部分论述了生态批评的概念、哲学基础，生态文学的流变与生态批评的发展，以及俄罗斯的生态文学和生态批评。第二部分通过对《不要射击白天鹅》的创作背景和写作特点的分析，从而从生态批评的角度对小说的生态思想内蕴进行了具体而详尽的解读。第三部分则将作者的生态思想上升到了生态责任的高度，更深层次地论述了小说主人公肩负起敬畏自然，保护自然的生态责任。第四部分则论述生态小说《不要射击白天鹅》带给我们的生态启示，瓦西里耶夫试图通过小说引导人们重建人与自然的和谐，所以我们要将目光聚焦在当今的各种生态问题上，肩负生态责任，共创生态和谐。更多还原

【Abstract】 Human history is a process of development and evolution,in thisprocess, human beings are making more and more attention on their ownneeds, but ignoring the nature, which bearing the survival and reproductionof human beings; paying more and more attention to self-development,ignoring the natural ecological balance, ignoring the development of thefuture generations. So humanity committed an irreparable mistake afteranother, led to the global ecological crisis today: global warming, ozonehole, marine pollution,forest vegetation cover decreases year byyear,grassland degradation and desertification, poisonous and harmfulwaste has increased dramatically and so on. The serious ecologicalproblems are caused by human hands. Humans, however, no introspectionand reflection for their own behavior,still continue to damage the ecologicalenvironment of nature.This paper USES the global ecological crisis as the background, froman ecological point of view of ecological criticism Vasilyev’s novel "Do notshoot the white swan" to interpret. through the novel,we can learn moreabout relationship between people and nature, people and animals, andpeople themselves. In the context of the global ecological crisis, In thealienation of man and nature, human relations, Vasiliev payed attention tothe large forests and small animals in the forest. From a different perspectiveon the destruction of forest resources and biodiversity criticism of theconduct,express his desire to live in harmony with nature.Boris·Levovich·Vasiliev，Soviet famous contemporary novelists,Wonthe National Award for the former Soviet Union、Russian President Award and a series of awards. His ecological novel "Do not shoot the WhiteSwan",is a work can not be ignored In the20th century Russian ecologicalliterature. The novel fully reflects his ecological ideas:bring about Man andnature、Interpersonal disharmonious mastermind is human. He advocatedhuman ecological responsibility actively, and promote efforts to achieve thehuman and the nature harmonious coexistence. The hero of "Do not shootthe White Swan",Yegor is an extraordinary and great rangers. Vasilyev bytelling the fight of good and evil, beauty and ugliness in the course of theprotection of nature, from the height of the human nature, moral describe therelationship between human and nature. In the novel, author through thehero Yegor’s words, conveys his ecological thought–man is the son ofnature,is the eldest son, so human’s destruction of nature, like push the dearmother into the coffin by their own hands. It is a kind of extremelyunethical behavior.This article attempts from the perspective of ecological criticism On"Do not shoot the White Swan" eco ideas intrinsic to interpret. Introductionof the paper, introduces the ecological literature、eco-criticism、Vasiliev’sbasic situation.And described the situation in the novel study abroad、 this paperselected topic basis,the research methods、thinking of writing、researchsignificance and so on. The text is divided into four parts. The first part isdiscussed the concept of ecological criticism、philosophical basis、theevolvement of ecological literature and the development of the ecologicalcriticism、the ecological literature and ecological criticism of Russia. Thesecond part, from the analysis of the writing characteristics and the creatingbackground, and the analysis of the causes of ecological thinking Vasiliev,from the perspective of ecological criticism did the specific and detailedinterpretation on the ecological ideological implication of the novel. Thethird part rose the author’s ecological thoughts to the height of the ecologicalresponsibility. discusses the more deeply on the hero of the novel shoulderrespect nature, protect the natural ecological responsibility. The fourth part discusses the ecological novel＂do not shoot the white swan＂Bringｓｕｓ ecological enlightenment．Vasilyev attempted fiction ｇuide people torebuild the harmony between man and nature，ｓo we want to focus on ｔoday’s all kinds of ecological problems． Shoulder ecologicalresponsibility，ｔo create ecological harmony.更多还原