无声的分层：重点学校与非重点学校学生来源分析

【作者】 高洁；

【导师】 邵泽斌；

【作者基本信息】 南京师范大学 ， 教育学原理， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国教育事业的不断发展,人们对教育质量需求的不断扩大与教育自身供给不足的矛盾日益显著,教育公平问题越来越受到人们的关注。本研究在实证调查的基础上,采用比较研究的方法,分析对比重点学校与非重点学校的学生家庭背景上的差异。分析结果得出,重点学校学生与非重点学校学生的家庭背景有显著差异,在重点学校就读的学生家庭背景大多处于中等或中等以上阶层,特别是在义务教育阶段更是如此。在义务教育阶段,拥有更多社会资源的学生家长纷纷采取各种方式将自己的孩子送入重点学校或“名校”,以期“赢在起跑线上”。但是教育是一项长期的、隐性的投资,那些开始“跑”的最快的并非能赢到最后。而在高中阶段,家庭背景较好的学生家长依然通过各种手段将其子女送入“名校”,其中不乏“交赞助费”、“打条子”、“托关系”等手段。但是家庭处于社会低层或者中低层的学生唯有通过中考的方式实现向上的就学流动。本研究主要围绕以下问题展开：第一,非重点学校学生与重点学校学生的父母学历是否有差异性；第二,非重点学校学生与重点学校学生的父母职业是否有显著差异；第三,非重点学校学生与非重点学校学生的家庭经济状况是否有显著差异；第四,在重点小学、重点初中、重点高中就读的学生家庭处于什么样的社会阶层；第五,在以上结论的基础上,笔者还试图探索造成这种现象产生的原因是什么,政府、学校或者个人应该如何有效的解决?通过对数据的有效分析与处理,笔者得出以下结论：1.重点小学、重点初中和重点高中的学生家庭背景均好于非重点学校的学生。2.重点学校就读的学生家庭大多处于中等以上阶层。3.学生上一级所就读学校的类型与下一级就读学校的类型呈相关关系。更多还原

【Abstract】 With development of Chinese education, the contradiction between the growing educational quality and the insufficient supply of education itself broadens. Meanwhile, the problem of education equity draws people’s attention nowadays. The writer uses a comparative study method on the basis of empirical investigation to analyse and contrast the students’family background who are from different schools. The result is that there are lots of differences in students’family background between popular schools and unpopular schools, that is to say students in popular schools are from the middle class or above, especially in compulsory education.The parents,who have more social resources such as more money or social status, try to use all kinds of ways to let their children get into popular schools or elite schools, with the hope of winning from the start. However,education is a long-term and recessive investment. In high school, this phenomenon is even worse.The parents even pay a large amount of money to let their children continue studying in elite schools.But the students who are in lower status of the society have no choice but through Senior High School Entrance Examination to mobile upwardly.This research is mainly centered on the following problems:firstly,if there is a difference between the students’parents from elite schools and un-elite schools in educational background;secondly,if there is a difference between the students’parents from elite schools and un-elite schools in occupation;thirdly, if there is a difference between the students from elite schools and un-elite schools in family financial situations;fourthly, the students,who are studied in key primary schools, key middle schools and key high schools, are in which class of the society;Fifthly, the writer tries to search the reasons that cause this phenomenon and how to solve it.Through analysis on the data, the writer has the following conclusions:1. Students from key primary schools, key middle schools and key high schools are having better family backgrounds.2. The families of students who are from key schools are at least from middle class of the society.3. There are tiny relations between the schools that you are taking now and the schools that you are going to take.更多还原