【作者】 王萍；

【导师】 李伟光；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 建筑与土木工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，随着工商业的发展，科技的进步和生活水平的提高，再加上产品的加速老化和对浪费的无处不在，固体垃圾越来越成为困扰人们的严重问题。传统的卫生填埋法由于在填埋过程会产生水质复杂的高浓度有机废水，并且具有产生二次污染的风险，而无法满足处理或处置要求。膜生物反应器(MBR)是将膜分离技术与生物处理技术结合而成的污水处理新工艺，但膜污染问题却比较严重。向MBR中投加一定量的粉末活性炭（PAC），既可以提高处理效能，也可以起到减缓膜污染的作用。针对垃圾填埋场渗滤液水质复杂多变的问题，本文采用两组完全平行的MBR工艺来处理哈尔滨某垃圾填埋场处理工艺中UASB的出水。MBR中采用微滤膜组件，并向其中一个MBR的好氧区域内投加3.0g/L的以城市污水厂污泥为原料制备的污泥基活性炭（SBAC）。在平行运行的条件下对比研究了SBAC-MBR和MBR两种工艺对垃圾渗滤液的处理效能及膜污染特性。两种膜生物反应器对垃圾渗滤液的处理效能表明，SBAC-MBR工艺对TOC、CODCr、UV254、TN、NH4+-N的去除率高于MBR工艺，这是由于SBAC的投加，除对有机污染物有吸附作用，还为微生物的生长提供了载体。但由于在实验运行期间污泥停留时间（SRT）较长，两个反应器对TP的去除率相差不大。通过对污泥混合液性质的表征，证实了SBAC-MBR中污泥浓度增长较快，SBAC的存在增强了污泥絮体抗剪切力的能力，使得污泥粒径增大、污泥粘度减小、污泥比阻减小、Zeta电位降低。由于SBAC改善了污泥混合液的性质，使得SBAC-MBR中形成结构较疏松、透水性较好的污泥滤饼层，且形成速率变慢，从而延长了跨膜压差到达规定值（40kPa）所需的时间，减缓了膜污染，延长了膜组件的使用周期。通过对两反应器内膜组件的膜过滤阻力分析，发现SBAC的投加降低了膜孔堵塞阻力和滤饼层阻力的增长速率。新膜和污染后的膜的扫描电镜图像也证实了SBAC的投加使膜表面滤饼层的厚度变小且结构疏松，减缓了膜污染。两个反应器内污泥混合液中的三维荧光光谱表明，SBAC的投加降低反应器内SMP和EPS的含量，从而降低混合液的污泥比阻，进而减缓膜污染。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with industrial and commercial development, the advancementof technology and the improvement of living standards, coupled with the ubiquity ofthe accelerated aging of the product and waste, solid waste becoming more and moreserious problems which troubled. Since conventional sanitary landfill process willproduce water at the landfill complex high concentration organic wastewater, andhas the risk of secondary pollution, and unable to meet the treatment and disposalrequirements. Membrane bioreactor (MBR) is a new sewage treatment technologywhich combines the membrane separation technology with biological sewagetreatment technology, but the membrane fouling is a serious problem. Adding agiven quantity of powdered activated carbon (PAC) to the membrane bioreactor notonly enhance the processing performance, but also slow down the membranefouling.For landfill leachate water complex and volatile issue, using two sets ofcompletely parallel to the MBR of Harbin some UASB effluent in the landfillprocess. MBR uses microfiltration and adding3.0g/L sludge-based activatedcarbon (SBAC) which is made from the urban municipal sewage sludge to theaerobic zone of one bioreactor. In contrast to the parallel operation under theconditions studied SBAC-MBR and MBR are two processes for landfill leachatetreatment efficiency and membrane fouling characteristics.The results of two membrane bioreactors treating the landfill leachate showsthat, the removal of SBAC-MBR treating TOC, CODCr,UV254, TN, NH4+-N ishigher than the MBR, which is due to SBAC dosing, in addition to organicadsorption of pollutants, but also for the growth of microorganisms provides vectors.However, since the sludge retention time during the experiment is running (SRT) islonger, the two reactors of the removal of TP is little difference. By characterizingthe nature of the sludge mixture, confirming the SBAC-MBR sludge concentrationincreases rapidly, SBAC’s existence enhances the ability of the sludge floc shearforce, increases the sludge particle size, decreases the viscosity of the sludge,reduces the sludge specific resistance and reduces the Zeta potential.Due to the SBAC improved properties of the sludge mixed liquor, makes theformation of structure in the SBAC-MBR a good porosity, permeability filter cakesludge layer and formation rate slows down, extending a transmembrane pressuredrop reaches the specified value (40kPa) needed time, slows down membranefouling and prolongs membrane life cycle. Through the analysis of membrane filtration resistance in two reactors, foundthat the addition of SBAC reduces the membrane pore clogging resistance and theresistance of the cake layer growth rate. Scanning electron microscope image of thenew film after film and pollution also confirmed SBAC dosing cake layer thicknessof the membrane surface becomes smaller and loose structure, slowing themembrane fouling. The two reactors sludge mixture of three-dimensionalfluorescence spectra show, SBAC dosing reduce the content of SMP and EPS in thereactor, thereby reducing the mixture of sludge specific resistance, and thusmembrane fouling.更多还原