【作者】 刘剑平；

【导师】 周树军；

【作者基本信息】 江苏科技大学 ， 外国语言学与应用语言学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在认知语法理论的框架下，以牛保义教授于2011年提出的新自主/依存联结分析模型及经验原型范畴理论为理论依据，对突降修辞的语法联结机制，语义建构特点,语义突降及突降差异背后的认知进行了探索和分析。在明确了突降修辞的构式性后，本文对两次结构之间的联结机制进行了探讨。依据新自主/依存联结分析模型，在突降修辞中，铺陈项的图示性凸显与突降项的用法性凸显相重合，建立对应关系，从而成功建立自主/依存联结，完成复杂结构的语法构建。两个重合的凸显分别表现为铺陈项中由概括或描述而来的范畴特征或家族相似性，以及突降项中在交际目的和语境作用下凸显出来的与前者相同的范畴特征或家族相似性。后者以例证的方式对前者所提供的阐释位进行阐释。接着本研究对突降修辞的语义构建特点进行考察，根据次结构凸显在整体语义中的地位，将其归为两类：以铺陈项为语义中心的突降和以突降项为语义中心的突降。前者以铺陈项凸显为整体的语义凸显，通过创造一种轻松幽默的氛围，或引起交际对方的注意，或使正式严肃的气氛得以缓和。这时的“降”落差不大，较为缓和。相对而言，后者以突降项凸显为整体的语义凸显，两次结构语义落差大，扭曲甚至相反，创造出强烈的荒谬，震惊或讽刺的修辞效果，以达到强调，揭露或者批评的交际目的。在如上语义构建特点的分析基础上，本文依托经验原形范畴理论，对突降修辞中的语义突降的认知原因进行研究。讨论的出发点是范畴成员的成员资格及其在范畴中的位置。在交际意图及语境的作用下，通过凸显和强调边缘特征的方法，铺陈项与突降项在相互妥协的情况下拥有了共同的范畴特征，为对应的建立创造了条件。也正是这种有违常理极为勉强的妥协制造了语义上的落差，从而为识解制造了障碍，增添了难度。同时，对语义建构特点的观察显示，同样是突降修辞，突降的强度随语义焦点所在的位置不同而不同。突降项次结构在特定范畴中的位置及其与此范畴典型成员之间的距离，即典型性的差异合理的解释了这一点。认知语言学的核心是形式与意义的统一，而在此之前的语法理论大都只强调语言的形式及其构建。作为一种修辞构式，突降辞格有其较为固定的形式及特定的语义特点。自主依存模型阐明了突降中两次结构是如何联结在一起的；经验原型范畴理论则揭示了突降辞格的语义构建特征，相应的语用功能和修辞效果，以及突降强度背后的认知动因。在构式语法的大框架下，两个主理论相互关联，体现了认知语言学形式与意义相统一的精华。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis is a construction study of anticlimax; it probes into the structure andsemantics of anticlimax construction in the frame of construction grammar andcognitive category theory. The discussion mainly focuses on the alignment mechanismof the syntagmatic integration, the constructional semantic features and the motivationsto the semantic drop as well as the distinct drop intensities of this commonly usedrhetoric device.Based on the Autonomous/Dependence Alignment (A/D-alignment) study, thethesis carries out the analysis on the syntagmatic integration mechanism of anticlimax.It is argued that, in anticlimax, Narrative Items (NI) and Sudden Drop (SD),overlapping with each other by means of sharing same profiles, align with each othersyntagmatically by correspondence built between them. NI, profiling a schematicsubstructure specified as certain features or family resemblances of the correspondingcategory, provides an e-site; SD, profiling certain matrix in the entity or event,elaborates the e-site by instantiating the category.Semantically this paper classifies anticlimax into two classes based on thedistributions of semantic focus: NI-focused Anticlimax and SD-focused Anticlimax,each having its own special pragmatic functions respectively. This paper maintains thatcategory attributes profiled play an important role in the NI and SD alignment. Thesharing attributes can build a correspondence between NI and SD and enable them toaccommodate with each other and thus construct an alignment. The correspondence isnot a conventional one, therefore the reluctance and difficulty of construal andacceptance of it is the very source of the rhetorical effect, and the measurement of thedrop does accord with the distances between the typicalities units possess.The core of cognitive linguistics is the unity of form and meaning, yet formergrammatical theories such as the Generative Grammar emphasize only on the configurational construction and figures. As a rhetorical construction, anticlimax has itsfixed form and specific semantic features. The employment of the revisedA/D-alignment Analytical Model plausibly explores how the two component structuresintegrate together, and the Experiential Prototype Hypothesis of Categorizationrationally explains the cognitive motivation behind the semantic construction features,the corresponding pragmatic functions and rhetorical effects, and distinct dropintensities of anticlimax. In the frame of construction grammar, the combination of thetwo theories embodies the essence of the cognitive linguistics.更多还原