【作者】 李杰；

【导师】 冯光明；

【作者基本信息】 中国矿业大学 ， 采矿工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 在国内随着国民经济的高速发展，煤炭资源需求量的逐年增大，开采“三下”压煤已成为当前煤矿开采领域中的重要研究内容。伴随着“三下”压煤的大量开采，作为一种无煤柱护巷技术，充填开采留巷是合理的开发现有煤炭资源、提高煤炭资源采出率及控制地表沉陷的一种有效途径。本文基于超高水材料的基本性质，结合充填开采留巷的实际应用情况，对充填开采留巷方法进行了研究，针对瑞丰煤业1612工作面超高水材料充填开采留巷技术，综合运用理论分析、数值模拟分析及现场实测分析等手段，对超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动规律及控制机理进行了初步分析，通过本研究得到了以下主要结论：（1）超高水材料充填开采留巷方法主要有包式和混合式两种，根据矿井的地质条件，灵活采用不同的充填开采留巷方法，从而扩大超高水材料在矿井充填开采留巷中的应用范围。（2）超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩变形受力主要是由巷道掘进、工作面开采及围岩流变3个阶段引起，留巷围岩由表及里会呈现出表层破坏区、塑性区、屈服区和中心弹性区4种状态。（3）超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动控制主要通过以下两种方式：①留巷实体煤侧采用锚索加强支护技术；②采用体积比较小的超高水材料增加巷旁包式充填体强度，保持巷旁包式充填体的稳定性及提高采空区充填率。影响巷旁包式充填体的稳定性及采空区充填率的因素有：采矿因素、地质因素及充填体的力学性质。（4）采用数值模拟采空区充填率为70%、80%、90%的超高水材料充填开采留巷围岩活动规律，可以得出随着采空区充填率的提高，充填开采留巷围岩应力在逐渐降低、围岩变形在逐渐减小以及围岩的塑性区在逐渐减小。（5）现场实测超高水材料充填开采留巷顶底板移近量在60mm以内、两帮移近量在30mm以内，巷帮有效的控制了留巷顶板活动，留巷能够满足生产需求；巷旁包式充填体的支承压力小于2.5MPa，顶板岩层在与煤体、采空区充填体构成的简支梁结构中有效地承担了承载作用，发挥了传递岩梁的效果，降低了巷旁包式充填体承载力；留巷已经使用三年之久，留巷巷道没有太大变形，所以充填开采留巷能够实现长时间使用的要求，维护费用也低。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of national economy and increase in demand of coalresources year by year, the mining under buildings has become the important researchcontent in the field of coal mining in China. As a kind of no-pillar mining technology,backfill mining and entry retaining is a reasonable and effective way to exploit coalresources, increase coal recovery ratio and control the surface subsidence with thelarge scale of coal mining under buildings.Based on the basic properties of super-high-water material, this article studies themethods of backfill mining and entry retaining combined with the actual applicationsituation of this technology. Preliminary analysis of rules and control mechanism ofsurrouding rock movement of backfill mining and entry retaining withsuper-high-water material is made, though comprehensive use of the means oftheoretical analysis, numerical simulations and field observation for the application in1612working face of Rui-feng mining. The conclusions are as follows:(1) There are two main methods i.e. bag filling and hybrid filling withsuper-high-water material. Flexible use of different backfill mining methods can bemade according to the geological conditions of the mine, thereby expanding the rangeof application of backfill mining and entry retaining in mine.(2) The deformation and stress of surrounding rock of backfill mining and entryretaining with super-high-water material is mainly caused by three stages: drivage,working face mining and surrounding rock rheology, which show four conditions i.e.surface damage zone, plastic zone, yield zone and center elastic zone from the surfaceto the center.(3) The two main control methods of surrounding rock movement of backfillmining and entry retaining with super-high-water material are as follows:①thereinforce technology of anchor cable in entity coal side;②increasing the strength ofbag filling body by adopting the smaller volume ratio super-high-water material,maintaining stability of the bag filling body and improving filling rate of the goafwhich are mainly affected by mining factors, geological factors and mechanicalproperties of the filling body.(4) Adopting numerical simulation to simulate the rules of surrounding rockmovement of backfill mining and entry retaining with super-high-water material for goaf filling rate of70%,80%and90%, it shows the stress and deformation ofsurrounding rock decrease, and plastic zone reduces with the increase of goaf fillingrate.(5) The roof and floor convergence of roadway is within60mm, and thedeformation of roadway’s sides is within30mm in field measurement, which showthe roadway’s roof have been effectivly controlled by sides and retained entry canmeet the production requirements. the support pressure of bag filling body is less than2.5MPa, The roof strata have effectively undertaken the role of bearer and played thetransferring rock beam effect through the beam structure made of roof strata, coal andthe goaf filling body, reducing the load of filling bag filling; the roadway has beenused for three years with little deformation, so it can be used for a long time with lessmaintenance costs.更多还原