【作者】 孙静；

【导师】 胡俊辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京航空航天大学 ， 机械设计及理论， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 自然环境中振动现象是一种常见的现象，而振动能量又是普遍存在振动现象中的宝贵能源，因此如何提取其中的振动能量成为研究热点之一。本文提出了一系列振动能量回收装置，利用了压电效应和电磁感应振动发电机理，为无线传感系统和超低功耗自动设备提供电能，无需更换电池，延长寿命，清洁能源。本研究共提出三种振动发电机：基于水流冲击振动发电机、U型和Y型复合式振动发电机。针对上述三种发电机，研究其振动激励条件，优化结构参数，计算输出功率，最终对比其能量回收效率。为了利用自然环境中流体的动能，例如各种排水管中的流水和水轮机出水口的流水进行发电，本研究提出了一种基于水流冲击振动发电机，并对其工作特性进行了实验研究。讨论了各参数变化对振动发电机发电性能的影响程度，如水的冲击速度、冲击位置和水量、发电机振动系统的尺寸等。结果表明：选择合适的激励条件及结构参数时，发电机的输出功率可达170.20μW。为了利用自然环境中固体的振动能量，例如常见的悬臂梁结构，本课题组又提出了两种被称为U型和Y型的复合式振动发电机。在同样的激励条件下，测量和比较了两种结构的功率输出。实验结果表明：Y型结构的输出功率比U型结构的大；当激励幅值为0.5mm时，Y型结构的压电元件最大输出功率是U型结构的372.7%。根据上述实验结果，进一步研究了Y型结构压电元件发电性能，优化了结构参数。更多还原

【Abstract】 As vibrations are present almost everywhere and are a kind of valuable resource and energy,vibration energy harvesting have become one hot problems of research. In this paper, a series ofvibration energy harvester utilizing piezoelectric effect and electromagnetic induction were presented.Vibration energy harvester can provide electricity for wireless sensor system and various kinds ofself-powered low energy consumption apparatus and need not replace the battery for prolonging lifeand clean energy.In this paper, four vibration generators have been proposed with the vibratory generator based onimpact of water current and U&Y type hybrid vibration generators. The vibration excitationconditions and optimized structural parameters were studied for vibration generators listed above,which calculated exportation power and compared energy usage efficiencies of vibration generators atlast.To utilize the kinetic energy of fluid in a natural environment, such as the flow at outlets offluidic transportation and storage facilities, a new vibratory generator utilizing the impact of watercurrent was proposed and its working performance was investigated at first. Factors which can affectthe generation performance of vibration generator were discussed, such as the impact position andvelocity, total amount of impacting water, amount of impacting water per unity time, and water heightat the bottom of generator. The experimental results show that the output power of the vibratorygenerator reaches to170.20μW.To utilize the vibration energy of solid in a natural environment, such as the cantilever beam, theauthors proposed two new structures of hybrid vibration generator, named as U&Y type structurehybrid vibration generators. The output power of them are tested and compared. The experimentalresults show that the Y type has a better energy harvesting capability than the U type. The maximumtotal output power of the piezoelectric components of the Y type structure harvester is372.7%of thatof Y type structure harvester at excitation amplitude of0.5mm. According to the above experimentalresults, the author researched further the generation performance of piezoelectric components for Ytype structures and optimized structural parameters.更多还原