【作者】 徐亮；

【导师】 薛群虎；

【作者基本信息】 西安建筑科技大学 ， 材料学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 本文在对陕南地区铅锌尾矿库尾矿累积存量、年新增量、堆放和利用形式调研的基础上，对各尾矿进行了取样，对样品进行化学、矿物组成及其粒度组成分析，对各地区铅锌尾矿进行分类。对重金属含量高和适于作为建材原料的铅锌尾矿，采用静态浸泡法研究相同质量的原尾矿和经1100℃煅烧处理的尾矿重金属溶出性及其浸泡溶液PH值变化，为综合利用铅锌尾矿制备烧结建筑材料提供依据；对适于作为天然水硬性石灰原料的铅锌尾矿，研究成型工艺及煅烧制度对铅锌尾矿配制的天然水硬性石灰性能的影响，为利用铅锌尾矿制备天然水硬性石灰提供参数。研究结论如下：1)通过对陕南地区铅锌尾矿实地调研可知：陕南地区铅锌尾矿累积存量为5300万吨，年新增量290万吨。铅锌尾矿累积存量以宝鸡地区最高，汉中地区次之，商洛地区最少，累积存量分别是2960万吨、1750万吨、600万吨；年新增量以宝鸡地区最高，汉中地区次之，商洛地区最少，年新增量分别为180万吨、82万吨、30万吨。2)通过检测铅锌尾矿放射性核素可知：东皇沟尾矿和八一锌业尾矿适合制备建筑主体材料和A类装饰装修材料；山萍尾矿适合空心率大于25%建筑主体材料和A类装饰装修材料；艾叶口尾矿和楠木尾矿适合B类装饰装修材料；金远尾矿适合C类装饰装修材料。3)对重金属含量高和适于生产建筑材料的铅锌尾矿研究表明，不同铅锌尾矿采用静态浸泡法浸泡后，可呈酸性也可呈碱性；浸泡未经高温煅烧的铅锌尾矿的溶液，浸泡时间越长溶液酸性越强。高温煅烧的铅锌尾矿溶液中离子溶度，Cu²⁺：0.1482mg/L、Pb²⁺：0.664mg/L、T-Cr：0.6103mg/L；原尾矿溶液离子溶度Cu²⁺：0.0321mg/L、Pb²⁺：未检出、T-Cr：0.0073mg/L。高温煅烧后重金属溶出性变化明显，尤其是金属离子铬和铅溶出性变化明显。4)以铅锌尾矿为原料，制备天然水硬性石灰是可行的。采用粉料压块经1000℃*3h煅烧工艺比湿法成球经1100℃*5h煅烧工艺更适合制备天然水硬性石灰。煅烧的天然水硬性石灰28天强度达到NHL3.5和NHL5的要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 The paper investigated the cumulative stock, additional amount, stacking and usingform of the lead and zinc tailings pond, in Southern Shaanxi. In the research, thechemical composition, mineral composition and particle size of samples had beenanalysed, and the lead and zinc tailings had been classified with different groups. Thestatic soaking experimental method of tailing shows that the tailing with the high heavymetal content is suitable to use as raw materials of construction. After soaking the sameamount of original tailings and the high-temperature-processed tailings, we measuredthe pH value and the leaching amount of heavy metals. In addation, We studied moldingprocess and calcined system of tailings to provide the parameters of using lead and zinctailings natural hydraulic lime. The conclusions are as follows:1)The survey results of lead and zinc tailings in Southern Shaanxi: the totaltailings accumulated amount over53million tons and with a more than2.9million tonsannual increasing. The highest stock of tailings is in Baoji （29.6million tons）, thenHanzhong （17.5million tons）. Shangluo （6million tons） has the lowest stock of tailings.The annual tailings increasing amount of Baoji （1.8million tons） was also the highest,then Hanzhong （0.82million tons）.Shangluo again has the lowest increasing amount（0.3million tons）.2)By detecting the radionuclide of lead and zinc tailings, the results showed thatthe tailings of Donghuanggou and八一companies could used as the constructionmaterials and class A decoration materials; Shan Ping Company’s tailings are suitable for the construction materials and Class A decoration materials which hole-rate greaterthan25%; the tailings of Aiyekou and Nanmu companies are suitable for Class Bdecoration materials; the Jinyuan company’s tailings are suitable for Class C decorationmaterials.3)The static soaking experiments are used for testing the tailing which has the highheavy metal content and is suitable for use as construction. The results show that thesolution can be either acidic or alkaline depending on the different lead and zinc tailingsoaked. Soaking with a long time will make soaking solution a stronger acidity. Ionicsolubility of the high temperature calcination of lead and zinc tailings is:Cu²⁺-0.1482mg/L、Pb²⁺-0.664mg/L、T-Cr-0.6103mg/L. Ionic solubility of the originaltailings is Cu²⁺-0.0321mg/L、Pb²⁺-not detected、T-Cr-0.0073mg/L. The release of Athigh temperature, the heavy metal ion can be easily solved, especially for the chromiumand lead ions.4)It is possible to produce the NHL fromthe lead and zinc tailings. The calciningprocess （1000℃,3h） is more suitable than wet ball calcining process （1100℃,5h） forprepare the natural hydraulic lime powder compact. Compressive strength of sinteringin1000℃（3h） and1100℃for （5h） can reach the standard value of NHL3.5and NHL5.更多还原