【作者】 王新；

【导师】 马海乐；

【作者基本信息】 江苏大学 ， 食品科学， 2007， 硕士

【摘要】 本文以灵芝子实体为试验材料，研究了灵芝多糖的传统溶剂提取、超声辅助提取和微波辅助提取的工艺条件，并且对用这三种提取方式制得的多糖进行了抗氧化活性研究。试验的主要内容与结论如下：（1）用传统的溶剂提取法提取灵芝多糖，由单因素试验和正交试验确定的最佳提取工艺参数为：提取温度60℃、提取时间3h、液料比50：1ml／g，在此工艺条件下灵芝多糖的提取率为61.60％。用乙醇沉淀法分离制备灵芝粗多糖，试验结果表明，最佳乙醇浓度为70％，在此条件下灵芝粗多糖的得率为1.351％、纯度为62.83％。（2）用超声辅助提取法提取灵芝多糖，由单因素试验和正交试验确定的最佳提取工艺参数为：超声功率1000W、提取时间60min、提取温度50℃、液料比50：1ml／g、循环泵转速27r／s、脉冲超声工作时间3s、间歇时间2s。在此工艺条件下灵芝多糖的提取率为84.89％。用乙醇沉淀法分离制备灵芝粗多糖，试验结果表明，最佳乙醇浓度为70％，在此条件下灵芝粗多糖的得率为1.828％、纯度为57.17％。与传统的溶剂提取法相比，提取率提高了37.81％，粗多糖的得率提高了35.31％，纯度没有明显差异。（3）通过微波间歇提取试验和微波循环提取试验（保持低温）证明了微波的非热效应不能有效地提高灵芝多糖的提取率。对几种微波辅助提取方法进行了对比研究，发现微波破壁—溶剂提取法能有效地提高灵芝多糖的提取率。（4）用微波辅助提取法提取灵芝多糖，由单因素试验和正交试验确定的最佳提取工艺参数为：微波功率800W、微波作用时间3min、提取温度50℃、提取时间90min、液料比40：1ml／g，在此工艺条件下灵芝多糖的提取率为82.23％。用乙醇沉淀法分离制备灵芝粗多糖，试验结果表明，最佳乙醇浓度为70％，在此条件下灵芝粗多糖的得率为1.673％，纯度为60.73％。与传统的溶剂提取法相比，提取率提高了33.49％，粗多糖的得率提高了23.83％，纯度没有明显差异。（5）对用以上三种方法制得的灵芝粗多糖进行了体外抗氧化活性研究。试验结果表明，三种多糖的抗氧化活性之间没有明显差异。通过与Vc、EDTA等对照进行比较，发现灵芝多糖清除DPPH·的活性、清除·OH的活性、螯合Fe²⁺的能力以及还原能力均比较差，而在清除O₂^-·上有很高的活性。更多还原

【Abstract】 The traditional-water ultrasonic-assisted microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and their antioxidation activities were studied in this article.The main contents and results were as follows:（1） The traditional water extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum was studied. The optimum extraction condition obtained through single effect factor and orthogonal experiments was following: extraction temperature 60℃, extraction time 3h, water-materiel ratio 50:1ml/g. The extraction ratio of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides（GLP） under above condition was 61．60%. In the studies of separating GLP ,the sedimentation curve indicated that under the condition of using best 70% ethanol the yield and purity of GLP was 1．351% and 62．83%.（2） The ultrasonic-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum was studied. The optimum extraction condition obtained through single effect factor and orthogonal experiments was following: ultrasonic power 1000 W, extraction time 60 min,extraction temperature 50℃, water-materiel ratio 50:1ml/g, rotate speed of pump 27r/s ,on-time of the pulsed ultrasonic 3s and off-time 2s. The extraction ratio of polysaccharides under above condition was 84．89%. In the studies of separating GLP ,the sedimentation curve indicated that under the condition of using best 70% ethanol the yield and purity of GLP was 1．828% and 57．17%. Compared with extraction method of traditional water-solution,the extraction ratio was increased 37．81% and the yield was increased 35．31% while the purity was approximate.（3） The result that non-thermal effect of microwave has no help to increast extraction ratio of GLP was approved by using microwave-intermitted extraction method and microwave-circulated extraction method.By compared studies,the result that microwave-solvent extraction method can increast the extraction ratio of GLP effectively was found.（4） The microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum was studied. The optimum extraction condition obtained through single effect factor and orthogonal experiments was following: microwave power 1000 W, microwave time 3min,extraction temperature 50℃, extraction time 90 min, water-materiel ratio 40:1ml/g. The extraction ratio of polysaccharides under above condition was 82．23%. In the studies of separating GLP,the sedimentation curve indicated that under the condition of using best 70% ethanol the yield and purity of GLP was 1．673% and 60．73%. Compared with extraction method of traditional water-solution,the extraction ratio was increased 33．49% and the yield was increased 23．83% while the purity was approximate.（5） The antioxidation activities of 3 kinds of GLP obtained by using above methods were studied. The resultes showed that they had no antioxidation differences.Compared to Vc and EDTA, GLP had too weak activities of scavenging DPPH·、scavenging·OH、chelating Fe²⁺ and reducing Fe³⁺.But it had very strong activity of scavenging O₂ˉ·.更多还原