【作者】 王琳；

【导师】 高志怀；

【作者基本信息】 河北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 拒绝语作为一种言语行为一直受到语用学及社会语言学领域的广泛关注。本论文选取美剧《丑女贝蒂》第一季中的拒绝语为研究对象，从礼貌角度进行了语用研究。首先，总结美式拒绝语的特点。再次，分析拒绝策略中的礼貌（补救）策略，即如何通过拒绝策略实现礼貌拒绝。最后，探讨影响美式拒绝策略的语境因素，包括深层文化和社会语用两方面。拒绝策略包括直接拒绝策略、间接拒绝策略和拒绝修饰。通过对《丑女贝蒂》中的拒绝策语进行定量与定性分析，得出美式拒绝语的以下特点：从微观来看，剧中使用频率最高的拒绝策略是直接拒绝策略中的非行事陈述（例如，“不”，“我不能”，“我不行”）；从宏观来看，间接拒绝策略使用比例比直接拒绝策略更高。本文在言语行为理论、礼貌原则以及面子理论的基础上，对《丑女贝蒂》中的拒绝语进行了语用研究。研究发现，剧中拒绝言语行为实施的礼貌策略包括：不使用补救策略、积极礼貌策略、消极礼貌策略，非公开施行面子威胁行为和不施行面子威胁行为。每种拒绝策略都体现了不同的礼貌策略。作者还在分析的过程中进行了详细的阐述和例证。列文森提出礼貌是随语境变化的动态概念，即礼貌受语境影响。本文根据语境理论和美式拒绝特点探讨了影响美式拒绝策略使用的语境因素。个人主义价值取向和弱语境文化是导致美式拒绝的主要文化原因。在美国社会中，个人主义价值取向促使直接拒绝策略的使用频率很高；弱语境中的交际方式使表达更直接，表意更明确。另外，由于社会语用因素，特别是权势、社会距离，礼貌与拒绝策略的间接程度是成正相关。权势低的说话者通常对权势高的听话者采取间接拒绝策略；社会距离越疏远的说话者往往采用间接拒绝策略。本论文在最后得出研究结果。恰当的拒绝语既要礼貌，又要符合语境。它有助于维护和谐人际关系，还可以促进帮助英语学习者在与美国当地人交流时消除疑虑，坚定地表达出自己的立场，这才能够说是真正成功的跨文化交际。更多还原

【Abstract】 Refusal as a speech act has been drawing extensive attention in pragmatics andsociolinguistics. This thesis selects the refusals in the first season of Ugly Betty as researchdata. First, it summarizes the characteristics of refusals in American society. Next, it analyzesthe politeness adopted in the refusal strategies. Lastly, it explores the contextual variablesinfluencing Americans to choose the refusal strategies.Refusal strategies include direct refusal strategies, indirect refusal strategies and adjunctsto refusals. By the quantitive and qualitative analysis of refusals in Ugly Betty, the results ofthis study indicate that the refusals take on these characteristics:(1) In micro sense,non-performative statement (such as “No”“I can’t”“I won’t”) in direct refusal strategies isused most frequently by Americans;(2) In broad sense, indirect refusal strategies account forthe higher percentage than direct ones.Based on the speech act theory, polite principle and face-saving theory, this thesisstudies the refusals in Ugly Betty from politeness. The politeness strategies are composed ofbold on record, positive politeness strategies, negative politeness strategies, off record anddon’t do FTAs. To be more specific, each type of refusal strategy has its own formations toembody the corresponding politeness strategy. There are some examples analyzed to prove.Levinson proposes that politeness is a dynamic concept changing with the context, sopoliteness is impacted by the context. The thesis explores the contextual variables behind theusage of refusal strategies in American society. Individualism and low-context are the maincultural reasons. Besides, due to the social variables, especially relative power and socialdistance, politeness has the positive correlation with the degree of indirect refusal strategies.In the end of this thesis, it makes a conclusion concerning the major findings from theresearch. The appropriate refusals should be expressed politely and contextually. They willcontribute to maintaining harmonious interpersonal relationship and promote EFL learners tospeak for their own stand firmly. This is the real successful cross-cultural communication.更多还原