【作者】 陈诚；

【导师】 万美容；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 农村与区域发展， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 居民收入差距不断扩大的趋势,城乡居民收入不合理扩大的普遍存在和日趋严重,不仅直接影响了社会经济效率的提高,进而危及到了整个社会的稳定,愈发成为社会关注的热点问题。1992年,随着贵阳市行政区划的调整“三县一市”(息烽县、修文县、开阳县、清镇市)并入管辖,贵阳市农村面积扩大,农业人口增多,大城市大农村的城乡二元结构由此形成,城乡居民收入差距不断扩大,区域发展不平衡问题开始日益显著。西部内陆省会城市贵阳出现的这种现象,具有我国很多地区特别是中西部省会城市的共有基本特点,是全国城乡居民收入差距扩大的一个缩影。本文旨在通过对中西部省会城市之一——贵阳市,城市居民与农村居民收入差距变化、体现的规律及影响作用因素等问题进行研究,探索发现缩小城市居民与农村居民收入差距的对策、统筹城乡发展的措施、加快城乡一体化进程的途径。不仅对贵阳深入实施西部大开发战略,落实《关于进一步促进贵州经济社会又好又快发展的若干意见》即国发(2012〕2号文件,建设全国生态文明示范城市,构建和谐生态的贵阳,在全省率先建成全面小康社会具有重要的现实指导意义,并能够在西部地区乃至全国具有一定是示范引领带动的作用。本文在对国内、国外经济社会理论进行了深刻研究思考的基础上,以李嘉图收入分配理论、卡尔多的模型、库兹涅茨的倒U型理论、刘易斯的二元经济理论和马克思对收入分配理论为基础,采取实证分析与比较分析相结合的研究方法,对改革开放以来,特别是1992年行政区划调整后,贵阳市城乡居民绝对收入差距扩大十分明显,城乡居民基尼系数逐年上升进行了研究。归纳了导致城乡居民收入差距的自然、经济、社会三个方面原因。自然方面的原因有：聚居方式、城乡地理位置的区别与差异。经济方面的原因有：劳动生产率、产业特性差异以及非农产业发展后劲不足等;社会方面的原因有：人口因素、体制因素、政策因素等。分析了扩大的收入差距带来的消极影响,如使有效需求不足、难以有效启动农村市场、导致国民经济的不良循环、影响社会心理等。提出了要通过正确处理效率与公平的关系；统筹城乡发展,解决城乡差距；消除体制性和制度性障碍,建立科学合理的收入分配体系；建立低收入群体的保护机制,完善社会保障体系等四个方面的对策措施,切实缩小城乡居民收入差距。研究表明,贵阳市城乡居民收入差距显著,且存在进一步拉大的趋势。为此,必须在认真分析导致我市居民收入差距扩大的自然、社会、经济方面原因基础上。以全面、长远的可持续生态发展战略为思路,以城乡统筹协调发展为指导,实施积极促进的发展政策,采取切实有效的推进措施,通过破解城乡二元体制,突破制约贵阳市城乡居民生活水平不断提高,收入差距日益缩小的瓶颈。更多还原

【Abstract】 Inrecentyears,China’seconomicandsocialshowingalong-termstablegrowth,butalsoine vitablethattheresultingtrendofthewideningincomegapbetweenurbanandruralresidents,urba nandruralincomesunreasonableexpansionofthewidespreadandincreasinglyserious,notonly directlyaffectssocio-economicefficiency,therebyendangeringthestabilityofthesocietyasaw hole,increasinglybecomethehotissuesofsocialconcern.1992,withtheadjustmentofadministr ativedivisionsinGuiyangCity,thethreecountiesandonecity(XifengCounty,XiuwenCounty,K aiyangQingzhenCity)incorporatedintothejurisdictionofGuiyangCity,ruralareatoexpand,the agriculturalpopulationincreased,majorcities,largeruralurban-ruraldualstructurethusformed,theurban-ruralincomegapiswideningproblemofunbalancedregionaldevelopmentisincreasi nglysignificant.ThewesterninlandcityofGuiyang,thecapitalofthisphenomenon,withalotofar eas,particularlyincentralandwesternprovincialcapitalcityofatotalofthebasiccharacteristicso famicrocosmofthewideningincomegapofurbanandruralresidents.Thispaperaimstostudyofrepresentativesofcentralandwesterncities-GuiyangCity,thein comegapbetweenurbanandruralresidents,thelawandinfluencingfactors,exploringthewaysto narrowtheincomegapbetweenurbanandruralresidents,urbanandruraldevelopmentmeasures andwaystospeeduptheprocessofurbanization.NotonlytheGuiyang-depthimplementationof westerndevelopmentstrategyfortheimplementationonfurtherpromotionoftheGuizhousound andrapideconomicdevelopmentanumberofobservations,"GuoFa[2012]DocumentNo.2,bui ldaharmonioussocietyintheprovincetoachieveacomprehensivewell-offsocietyimportantgui dingsignificanceinthewesternregionandthecountryhasacertaindemonstrationeffectInthispaper,onthebasisofin-depthstudyofdomesticandinternationaleconomicandsocial theorytoMarxonincomedistributiontheory,Ricardoincomedistributiontheory,Kaldormodel, theKuznetsinverted-Utheory,Lewis’sdualeconomytheory-based,totakeempiricalanalysisan dcomparativeanalysisofthecombinationofresearchmethods,sincethereformandopeningup,e speciallyafterthe1992adjustmentofadministrativedivisions,theabsoluteincomegapinurbana ndruralresidentstoexpandverysignificantly,theGinicoefficientofurbanandruralresidentsincr easedyearbyyearstudy.Summarizesthethreeaspectsofthenatural,economic,socialreasonslea dtotheincomegapbetweenurbanandruralresidents.Naturalreasonsare:waysoflivingtogether, urbanandruraldifferencesanddifferencesinlocation.Economicreasons:laborproductivity,lac kofindustrycharacteristicsdifferencesandthepotentialforfurtherdevelopmentofnon-agricult uralindustries;socialcauses:demographicfactors,institutionalfactors,policyfactors.Analysis oftheimpactofthewideningincomegapbroughtaboutbothpositiveandnegativeaspects.Thepo sitiveeffectsincludeovercomeegalitarianism,mobilizetheenthusiasmofthevariousaspectsoft heformationofademonstrationofforce,improvetheinvestmentstructure,promoteindustrialre structuringandotheraspects.Thenegativeeffectsinclude:lackofeffectivedemand,itisdifficultt oeffectivelyactivatetheruralmarket,resultinginaviciouscircleofthenationaleconomyaffects ocialpsychology.Protectionmechanismtocorrectlyhandletherelationshipbetweenefficiency andfaimess;urbanandruraldevelopmenttoaddressthegapbetweenurbanandruralareas;remov inginstitutionalandinstitutionalbarriers,toestablishascientificandrationalincomedistributio nsystem;theestablishmentoflow-incomegroupstoimprovethesocialsecuritysystem,thefooura spectsofcountermeasures,effectivelynarrowingtheincomegapbetweenurbanandruralreside ntsStudieshaveshownthat,GuiyangCity,theurban-ruralincomegap,andthereisafurtherwid eningtrend.Tothisend,mustbecarefulanalysisledtothenatural,social,economicreasons,onthe basisofcityresidentsinthewideningincomegap.Comprehensivelong-termsustainabledevelo pmentstrategyfortheidea,acomprehensivedevelopmentstrategyforthecoordinateddevelopm entofurbanandruralareasasaguide,takestrongpolicymeasurestocracktheurban-ruraldualstru cture,breakthroughsinurbanandrurallivingstandardscontinuetoimprove,theincomegapisshr inkingbottleneck.更多还原