【作者】 杨琳；

【导师】 彭本荣；

【作者基本信息】 厦门大学 ， 海洋事务， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 海岸线是自然赋予人类的宝贵资源,不仅为经济发展和生活水平提高提供了丰富的资源和空间,而且海岸线生态系统在调节当地水资源及水动力、减轻及减缓气候变化、预防侵蚀、风暴防护和维持空气质量等方面也发挥着重要作用。但是高强度的人类活动导致自然岸线灭失、生境退化等问题日益严重。而目前学术界和管理界关于海岸线、海岸线管理及海岸带管理的理论和实践还存在诸多争论,亟需从理论上理清他们之间的关系,为建立适合我国国情的海岸线管理制度提供决策依据。本论文基于海陆统筹的理念,综合利用海洋科学、环境科学、公共政策学和法律的理论和方法,对海岸带管理的技术与制度进行了系统研究,得出如下研究结论。1)科学和法律都将海岸线定义为海陆分界线。这条动态、虚拟的线在管理中不具有意义。规划与管理中的海岸线不是一条线,而是一个带,是海洋与陆地相互作用强烈的一个过渡带；2)海岸线向海和向陆各自延伸一定距离的区域以内的自然环境要素一起构成了完整的海岸线生态系统,缺少陆地或海域其中的任何一部分,都将导致整个生态系统环境资源的损害和破坏。因此,要实现对海岸线自然环境资源的有效保护和合理利用,其前提条件是将海岸线作为一个生态系统相对独立完整的区域,进行综合管理,即实施基于海陆统筹的海岸线管理；3)我国海岸线管理中存在的问题包括海岸线利用冲突、海岸线利用综合效益较低,浪费、破坏海岸线资源现象较严重、非功能性用海占用过多岸线资源、自然岸线遭到破坏,海岸线人工化程度高、海岸线生态功能和景观遭破坏、海岸线公益空间不足等。产生这些问题的原因包括法律的冲突以及由此导致的管理职能划分不清,部门间协调困难、法律缺失导致海岸线没有被作为一个特殊的区域来进行规划和管理、各地海岸线划定标准不统一以及缺少划分海岸线的技术支撑、对海岸线价值认识不足；4)实施基于海陆统筹的海岸线管理需要开发海岸线范围确定技术、海岸线总体规划技术、海岸线利用优先顺序确定技术、海岸线自然功能无净损失保证技术以及公众参与技术；5)为完善我国海岸线管理政策,需要建立海岸线最小区域法定化制度、海岸线使用审批制度、海岸线有偿使用制度、海岸线生态损害补偿与赔偿制度,并制定海岸线规划技术导则。更多还原

【Abstract】 Shoreline is valuable natural resources given to human beings, not only offering wealth of resources and space for developing economy and improving living standards, but coastal ecosystems also plays an important role in regulating local water resources and water power, reducing and mitigating climate change, preventing erosion, storm, and maintening air quality. However, the high intensity of human activities are leading to the effects that the natural shoreline loss, as well as the habitat degradation are becoming increasingly serious. Currently there are still a lot of controversy over shoreline, the theory and practice of shoreline management and coastal zone management in the academic and administrative circles. In order to provide basis for decision making to establish the shoreline management system that is suitable for China’s national conditions. it is very urgent to clarify the relationship among them in theory. In this thesis, the technique and system of shoreline management has been systematically studied through the comprehensive utilization of theory and method of marine science, environmental science, public policy and law based on land/sea integration. Finally, the following conclusions are drawn.1) The shoreline is defined as the boundary between land and sea by the sense of Science and Law. However, the dynamic and virtual line does not have a significant meaning in the management. The shoreline in plan and management is actually not a line, but a zone, which refers to a transitional zone with intense interaction between ocean and land;2) Natural environment elements of the shoreline, which extends some distance to land and ocean respectively constitute complete shoreline ecosystem. Lack of any part of land or sea will lead to damage and destruction on environmental resources of entire ecosystems. Therefore, in order to achieve effective protection and rational utilization of natural environmental resources of shoreline, the shoreline area must be treated as a relatively independent and complete ecosystem and be synthesizedly managed as premise, in other words, shoreline management based on land/sea integration must be implemented;3) Problems of shoreline in China includes use conflicts of shoreline, low use efficiency integrately of shoreline, phenomenon of seriously wasting, damaging shoreline resources, high percentage of non-functional occupation with shoreline resources, destruction of natural shoreline, high degree of artificial shoreline, destruction of seashore ecological function and landscape, lack of public charity. Reasons for these problems include conflicts of laws and the resulting unclear division of management responsibilities, difficulties of inter-sectoral coordination, as well as that shoreline is not treated as a special area for planning and management resulting from the lack of laws, none unified standards in different region, lack of technical support to divide shoreline, and insufficient understanding of the shoreline value;4) To implement shoreline management based on land/sea integration, developing techniques of determining shoreline range, shoreline master plan, shoreline using priority, no net-loss of ecological function in shoreline use activies, and public participation techniques are needed;5) To improve our shoreline management policies, the system of minimum statutory area of shoreline, shoreline use approval system, paid use of the coastline, shoreline ecological damage compensation systems, and guidelines for shoreline planning techniques are urgent to establish.更多还原