无线Ad-Hoc网络节能的GRID路由协议研究

【作者】 陈鹏；

【导师】 刘光杰；

【作者基本信息】 南京理工大学 ， 控制理论与控制工程， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 无线Ad-Hoc网络是由无线节点或者终端组成,不需要使用固定的基础设施的自组织网络,它能够实现快速组网,在军事领域和民事领域都有重要的应用价值。与传统的计算机网络相比,无线Ad-Hoc网络中节点的能量有限且不易补充。高效利用节点有限的能量,减少节点的能量消耗,延长整个网络的生存时间,是无线Ad-Hoc网络需要解决的核心问题之一。为此,本文对无线Ad-Hoc的天线功率控制技术以及定向天线控制技术进行了研究,基于基于位置的GRID路由协议,提出了面向节能的GRID路由协议ES-GRID。论文的主要研究工作如下：(1)详细介绍了无线Ad-Hoc网络的基本概念、特点、应用场合、体系结构,并对无线Ad-Hoc网络的节能技术及其进展情况进行了总结和归纳。(2)在详细讨论了基于位置的无线Ad-hoc网络GRID路由协议的基础上,针对节点在进行广播的时候会造成不必要的能量消耗的问题,在对最小发射功率进行详细分析后,提出了一种基于最小广播功率的位置信息广播算法,该算法通过在每个节点上进行广播发射功率的控制,实现低功率的位置信息的广播,不仅降低了节点能量消耗,也有助于减少网络间无线通信的相互干扰。(3)在节点使用最小发射功率前提下,对GRID网关节点的选择算法进行分析,指出GRID协议中网关节点存在能量消耗大的问题。基于此,提出了一种新的网关选择算法,该算法能够可实现更有效地网关节点的轮替,降低了网络的能量消耗。(4)对定向天线定向天线与全向天线的特点进行了比较,对使用全向天线的GRID的路由及数据传输过程进行了分析,指出节点使用全向天线将会造成不必要的能量消耗。对基于定向天线的无线Ad-hoc网络,提出了基于天线调度算法的路由及数据传输策略。该算法能够有效地减少网络中的干扰,提升空间的重用率,降低路由及数据传输过程中的能量消耗。(5)基于OPNET网络仿真软件建立了定向天线模型,并分别从网络域、节点域和进程域三个层次实现了ES-GRID路由协议的仿真。通过对报文平均投递率、端到端的平均时延、网络的平均能耗等统计量的收集,实现了GRID路由协议和ES-GRID路由协议性能的测试和对比分析,仿真结果验证了所提协议的有效性。论文最后对全文进行了总结,指出了当前研究中存在不足之处,并对未来值得进一步研究的问题进行了展望。更多还原

【Abstract】 An wireless Ad-Hoc network is a collection of wireless mobile nodes or terminals dynamically forming a temporary network without the use of the absence of fixed communication infrastructure.it can also be organized by themselves automatically.and it has great application value in military and civil fields. However,due to the characteristics of the limited energy and the difficulty to replenish energy, Efficient use of limited energy of nodes, can reduce the energy consumption of the nodes and prolong the lifetime of the whole network.now it is the key problem to solve for wireless Ad-Hoc network. This dissertation has carried on the analysis to the power control and directional antenna technology, and ES-GRID is presented for energy aware GRID routing protocol basing on GRID routing protocol. The main contributions of this thesis are listed as follows.(1) The basic concept, characteristics, applications and system structure of wireless Ad-Hoc networks are introduced in detail, meanwhile, the energy saving technology of wireless Ad-Hoc network and its progress has been summarized.(2) This dissertation discusses the location-based wireless Ad-hoc network routing protocol GRID and analysis the minimum transmission power.the unnecessary energy consumption problem when the node is in broadcast attract our attention. Then this dissertation puts forward location information broadcast algorithm based on minimum broadcasting power. The algorithm uses less radio transmitter power to achieve location information broadcast, it does not only reduce the energy consumption of nodes, but also reduce the interference in the network.(3)Under the precondition of node using minimum transmission power, the GRID of the gateway node selection algorithm is analyzed. It points out that Gateway nodes of the GRID consump large energy.Based on this, a new gateway selection algorithm has been proposed by this dissertation.This algorithm can be implemented more effective rotation of the gateway node and reduce the network energy consumption.(4) Comparing characteristics of the directional antenna with omnidirectional antennas and analyzing routing and data transmission process of GRID using omnidirectional antennas,it shows that the node using omnidirectional antenna will cause unnecessary energy consumption. A routing and data transmission strategy based on antenna scheduling algorithm is proposed for the wireless Ad-hoc network using directional antenna, This algorithm can effectively reduce the interference in the network, improve the reuse rate of space, and reduce the energy consumption in the process of the routing and data transmission.(5) The directional antenna model based on the OPNET network simulation software is established, the simulation of ES-GRID routing protocol is realized separately from three levels---network domain, node domain and process domain.the statistics such as the mean message delivery ratio, the average delay from end to end, the average energy consumption of the network statistics collection has been collected.the performance test and comparative analysis of GRID routing protocol and ES-GRID routing protocol is realized, the simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed protocol.Finally, a summarization of the dissertation is given, shortcomings in the current research are pointed out, and the problems deserved further study in future are prospected.更多还原