【作者】 张燕；

【导师】 王广东；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 尖尾芋(Alocasia cucullata)又名番芋、台湾姑婆芋,为天南星科(Araceae)海芋属(Alocasia)植物,是一种重要的室内观叶植物。目前,国内外对海芋属植物研究报道较少,尖尾芋的相关报道则更少。本研究以尖尾芋试管苗为试验材料,研究了尖尾芋试管苗液体增殖体系,并对愈伤组织的诱导及再生条件进行了初步探索。在此基础上开展了尖尾芋离体试管根状茎诱导研究,并在温室条件下研究了不同营养液对尖尾芋苗期生长的影响,为尖尾芋种苗生产提供了理论基础。主要研究结果如下：1、以尖尾芋试管苗为材料,比较了不同种类和浓度细胞分裂素、生长素与细胞分裂素配比、培养容器体积、培养时间、培养方式等因子对尖尾芋液体增殖的影响。试验结果表明：在液体振荡培养条件下,侧芽增殖最适培养基为MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1,液体振荡培养2周后转入固体MS培养基中,生长较好,最佳液体培养容器体积为100mL,每瓶接种5株试管苗；试管苗植株越大则增殖的侧芽数越多,并且侧芽生长状态越好。2、将尖尾芋试管苗茎段四周芽点切除,比较不同浓度细胞分裂素和生长素配比、基本培养基、蔗糖浓度、光照条件等因素对尖尾芋愈伤组织诱导及再生的影响。结果表明：以1/2MS为基本培养基,添加6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.5mg·L-1或KT0.5mg-L-1+2,4-D1.0mg·L-1,蔗糖15g·L-1,在黑暗条件下培养4周,最有利于愈伤组织诱导率和不定芽发生,再生不定芽生长势较好。3、以尖尾芋健壮试管苗为试验材料,在培养基中添加不同浓度蔗糖、SA和PP333,研究蔗糖、SA和PP333对尖尾芋试管根状茎的诱导效果。120g·L-1、90g·L-1和60g·L-1蔗糖处理下的尖尾芋试管苗先后迅速吸收养分、叶片全部枯萎,进入休眠状态,形成试管根状茎。移栽温室30d后,无蔗糖处理存活率仅为6.77%,其他处理均为100%。SA诱导根状茎效果不明显,几个浓度处理之间无显著性差异,均未诱导出根状茎；PP333对尖尾芋根状茎诱导效果优于SA,尖尾芋随着浓度升高茎增粗显著,8.0mg·L-1诱导效果最佳。SA和PP333处理的尖尾芋试管苗移栽到温室30d后,成活率均为100%。结果表明：60g·L-1蔗糖处理60d对尖尾芋根茎的诱导效果最好,移栽30d后,能够迅速恢复生长,叶片浓绿,根系旺盛,多项形态指标都达到最大值,蔗糖、SA和PP333对尖尾芋根状茎诱导效果顺序为蔗糖>PP333>SA.4、在温室条件下,用五种不同营养液处理尖尾芋试管苗40d,测定株高、叶片数、叶面积、地径几项形态指标和叶片干鲜重、叶绿素、可溶性蛋白质、可溶性糖和淀粉含量等生理指标,对尖尾芋试管苗温室苗期营养液进行优化选择。结果表明：处理E(N：P：K为21：2：9)营养液培养的尖尾芋试管苗生长状态最好,除叶绿素外,其他各项形态和生理指标均达到最大值；此外除了处理E以外其他4种营养液处理之间各项指标差异不显著；五种营养液处理40d后与对照之间各项指标存在显著性差异。更多还原

【Abstract】 Alocasia cucullata is a kind of important indoor foliage plants, belongs to Araceae family. At present, there are few studies on Alocasia, relatively reports on Alocasia cucullata is even fewer. The liquid proliferation system, callus induction and regeneration conditions, microrhizome induction system in vitro and the best nutrient solution ex vitro of Alocasia cucullata was studied. The results as follows:1. Plantlets of Alocasia cucullata were used as material. An efficient system of poliferation was established through adding several kinds of plant growth regulators and other treatments. The results showed that low concentration of6-BA, especially MS containing1.0mg·L-1BA, had a better effect on poliferation, and NAA had no significant effect on plantlet poliferation; the optimal poliferation medium was MS+6-BA1.0mg·L-1+NAA0.5mg·L-1, liquid culture for2weeks in100ml receptacle volume, then transferring into solid culture for another2weeks; and with bigger plantlets, it had more lateral buds.The simple efficient method of production of plantlets is useful for large-scale multiplication of this important ornamental plant.2. Stems of Alocasia cucullata as material, cutting the surrouding buds. The effect of different concentrations ratio of cytokinin and auxin, basal medium, sucrose concentration and illumination condition on callus induction and plant regeneration of Alocasia cucullata were studyed. The result shows that the optimal poliferation medium was using1/2MS as basal medium, adding6-BA1.0mg·L-1and NAA0.5mg·L-1or KT0.5mg·L-1and2,4-D1.0mg·L-1, with15g·L-1sucrose, and dark culture for4weeks.3. Plantlets of Alocasia cucullata were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with different concentrations sucrose, SA and PP333. The results showed that sucrose supplies of60,90and120g·L-1hampered generation of leaves but induced formation of microrhizome. The survival ratio of plantlets grown with sucrose supply were100%, while those with no sucrose supply was only6.77%after30days ex vitro. Plantlets shows no difference supplemented with different concentrations of SA no matter in vitro or ex vitro growth period. The effect of PP333was like effect of sucrose, there was dormant structure when supplied with8.0mg·L-1PP333. Thus it was showed that60g·L-1sucrose supply was a better concentrations for both microrhizome induction and ex vitro growth of Alocasia cucullata plantlets. Microrhizome induction order of Alocasia cucullata:sucrose> PP333>SA.4. The effects of different nutrient solutions on growth of Alocasia cucullata micropropagation plants in greenhouse were investigated by analyzing growth parameters and physiological indexes. The results indicated that E nutrient solution (N:P:K=21:2:9) showed best on morphological and physiological indexes except chlorophyll content. The other four treatments showed no significant difference with each other. Contacted with tap water, Alocasia cucullata which spplyed with five nutrient solutions all showed better on growth. In conclusion, nutrient solution E was the best nutrient solution for Alocasia cucullata.更多还原