【作者】 张媛；

【导师】 甘文平；

【作者基本信息】 武汉理工大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 1964年至1975年间进行的越战是美国历史上最重要的一次海外干涉活动。参战的美国士兵发现,在战场上除了残酷的杀戮几乎没有正义或荣耀可言。美国为这场战争付出了沉重的代价。有相当大一部分美国士兵在战时就受到了“创伤后应激障碍”的折磨,他们回国后又将这些噩梦带给了他们的家人。因此,即便是在战争结束后的几十年间,美国民众依然生活在战争的阴影中。在战争的影响下,越来越多的人开始反思这场战争的意义。这些思考也催生了美国越战文学,包括诗歌、小说、自传、喜剧及回忆录等等。在这些题材中,小说的影响最大,地位最高,其中影响较大的作家及作品有菲利普·卡普托的《战争的谣言》、梯姆·奥布莱恩的《他们携带的东西》,朗·科维克的《生于国庆日》和罗伯特·斯通的《狗士兵》等等。梯姆·奥布莱恩被称为美国最有影响的越战作家。1973年,奥布莱恩出版了第一部小说《如果我死在战区》,此后至2002年,他共出版了8部小说,《七月,七月》是他最新的一部作品。本文主要通过现当代心理学家和心理分析家的理论,根据“创伤后应激障碍”的三大类症状来分析该小说中的人物经历及其相应的心理变化,并结合史实和一些相关研究的数据来诠释该作品中的创伤主题。本文共分三大部分：前言、正文和总结。第一部分,也是本文的第一章,介绍越南战争、美国越战小说、梯姆·奥布莱恩的影响和地位及其作品主题和特征、研究现状,并简要介绍本文的布局。正文部分根据“创伤后应激障碍”的三大核心症状共分成相应的三个章节,每章从小说中选取两个具有代表性的人物进行分析和论述。第二章介绍“创伤后应激障碍”的第一类症状：重复性体验。论文分析遭受心理创伤后,大卫·托德和艾莉·艾伯特各自对创伤性记忆的持续性再体验,反映出这种体验对他们正常生活的影响。第三章介绍“创伤后应激障碍”的第二类症状：回避。它主要分析大卫·托德和斯布克·斯皮内利在各自遭受心理创伤后,对创伤源,也就是创伤性事件及所有相关事物的回避态度,表现为对创伤性事件的沉默,并拒绝向任何人提及和回忆创伤性事件。第四章介绍“创伤后应激障碍”的第三类症状：警觉。大卫·托德和比利·麦可曼在各自遭受创伤后都表现出愤怒。在以上的介绍中,大卫·托德是唯一一个贯穿所有章节的人物。作为小说中唯一的越战老兵来说,大卫的症状是最明显的,也是最持久和最顽固的。最后一章为总结部分,对全文进行归纳,再次点明小说的创伤主题。通过对以上人物的分析,论文指出奥布莱恩笔下的人物是越战阴影下遭受集体创伤的代表,并揭示创伤能够被治愈的可能。更多还原

【Abstract】 Spanning from1964to1975, the Vietnam War is the most significant oversea-intervention in the history of the United States. The war experiences forced American soldiers to realize that there was almost no justice or glory except cruel killing. What’s more, America has paid heavy cost for the Vietnam War. A considerable part of American soldiers had suffered Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) since they were in Vietnam, and then the survived ones brought their nightmares to their families. Therefore, during several decades of the aftermath, some Americans were still covered by a shadow of the war. In this sense, more and more people began to think about the meaning of the war. Their thinking brought about American literature of the Vietnam War. The Vietnam War literature includes poems, novels,(auto) biographies, plays and memoirs, etc. Among these works, novels have the dominant effect and stand in the highest literary position in the Vietnam War literature, such as Philip Caputo’s A Rumor of War, Tim O’Brien’s The Things They Carried, Ron Kovic’s Born on the Fourth of July and Robert Stone’s Dog Soldiers are comparatively more influential. Among the Vietnam War novelists, however, the most famous one is Tim O’Brien.Since the release of If I Die in a Combat Zone, Box Me up and Ship Me Home in1973till the publication of the latest novel July, July in2002, Tim O’Brien has published eight novels in total. The thesis attempts to interpret the theme of trauma in July, July. Under the directions of psychoanalysts and psychologists, this thesis endeavors to connect three kinds of symptoms of PTSD with the psychic conditions of characters from July, July through the analysis of their experiences and psychological reactions, as well as historical facts and research data.There are three parts of the thesis:introduction, body, and conclusion. The first part is the first chapter, and it covers a brief introduction of the Vietnam War, American Vietnam War novels, Tim O’Brien and his position in American literature, literature review of his works, the themes and features of the author’s works, and the layout of this thesis.The body part consists of three chapters. Each chapter chooses one symptom from PTSD and analyzes two representative characters in the novel..Chapter Two focuses on the reexperiencing of the traumatic memories of David Todd and Ellie Abbott, showing how the two were bothered by bad feelings.Chapter Three represents the second symptom---the constrictive symptom by traumatic events. David Todd and Spook Spinelli both use silence to defense the effect from their traumatic events, and refuse to talk or remember anything about the trauma.Chapter Four puts emphasis on the third symptom of hyperarousal through the analysis of anger or hatred of David Todd and Billy McMann. Both of them suffered a lot from the war.As it is introduced above, David Todd is the only character throughout the three chapter because David’s symptoms are the most typical, enduring and severe as he is the only one who has been to the Vietnam War.The last part, which is a conclusion of the whole thesis, points out the theme of trauma in July, July. From the individual narration of their own traumatic stories, the thesis reveals a picture of collective trauma of postwar American society, which is presented by Tim O’Brien, as well as the possibility of healing of trauma. The thesis aims to show O’Brien’s criticism of the Vietnam War and full view of American people’s good and happy life.更多还原