【作者】 陈平；

【导师】 陆璐； 杨春晖；

【作者基本信息】 华南理工大学 ， 计算机技术， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来，被测嵌入式软件规模及复杂程度急剧增大，尤其在轨道、汽车、民航及工业控制等方面的用户对嵌入式软件质量要求越加严格，使用过程中对嵌入式软件缺陷的容忍度也越来越低。因此，如何有效提高测试效率，在满足嵌入式软件测试巨大吞吐量要求的同时，确保嵌入式软件质量和软件安全性，就成为了摆在嵌入式软件测评行业发展道路上的一项重大挑战。当前，软件测试行业中，现有的测试过程及方法并不能很好的指导测试工程实践，因此，能够按照优化的测试流程，并复用已有正确的历史测试数据和经验，快速生成测试策略及方法，避免或少走弯路的嵌入式软件测试复用技术即成为目前唯一一种行之有效的解决方案。论文在总结、分析现有嵌入式软件测试模型、测试用例复用方法、软件需求复用技术及软件测试工程实践经验等方面优缺点的基础上，选择并借鉴测试模型优点及复用历史经验的基本思路，提出了面向需求的嵌入式软件测试复用技术，包含新测试复用技术的建模、数据管理、测试偏差控制等方法，以指导、管理嵌入式软件测试项目工作，实现保障嵌入式软件质量、提高测试效率的总目标。新测试复用技术的建模方法，是在W测试模型和X测试模型的基本结构中增加知识库，尝试在模型优点的基础上借鉴历史知识成果。优化后的模型结构（测试过程）在保障嵌入式软件质量的前提下，提高了嵌入式软件测试效率。新测试复用技术的数据管理方法，包含逻辑关系管理、存储关系管理、目标测试数据生成等3个子方法，即：利用“软件需求-测试树”结构管理数据逻辑关系；利用扁平化的数据库表结构管理数据存储关系，在标准原则的指导下，按照数据库表定义收集历史知识数据；最终遵循规定的匹配原则，快速生成目标测试数据。新测试复用技术的测试偏差控制方法，包含测试复用过程控制、历史缺陷分析重现、测试覆盖率分析及补充等3个子方法，即：通过加强对各细分阶段被测软件和测试关键数据的状态的追踪管理，以实现对整个测试工作的控制，避免大量复用历史数据可能带来的测试偏离、未完全覆盖用户需求、已变更代码未被覆盖、测试用例不充分、可能存在遗留缺陷等问题。最后，通过新测试复用技术的应用实践及工程成果分析，进一步验证了论文提出的新测试复用技术较原有测试方法的优越性和实用性。总的来说，论文构筑了面向需求的嵌入式软件测试复用技术，以指导嵌入式软件测试项目管理和工程实施，最终基本实现了确保嵌入式软件质量，提高嵌入式软件测试吞吐量的目的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, measured the size and the complexity of embedded software has increased,especially in the aspect of rail, automobile, aviation and industrial control, users of thesoftware quality increasingly stringent requirements, in the process of using the embeddedsoftware defect tolerance is also more and more low. So how to improve the testing efficiencyeffectively, the embedded software testing large throughput requirements at the same time, toensure the quality of embedded software and software security, becomes suspends inembedded software testing industry in the future development of a major challenges on theroad ahead.Through the analysis to guide engineering practice test: test process and existing methods arenot good. Therefore, in accordance with the testing process optimization, and reuse the correcthistorical test data and experience, the rapid generation of test strategy and methods, avoid orless take technology of embedded software testing reuse becomes the only way for effectivesolution. Based on the summary, analysis of existing embedded software testing model, thetest case reuse method, software requirement reuse technology and software testingexperience in engineering practice, some advantages and disadvantages, and the basic idea ofdrawing test model of process advantages and reuse of historical experience, put forward thetechnology of embedded software testing reuse oriented requirements (including the new testreuse technology of modeling, data management, test deviation control method etc.), to guide,management of embedded software testing project, to realize the total goal of ensuringsoftware quality, improve the testing efficiency.A new modeling method for test reuse technology, is to increase the knowledge base structurein the W test and X test model, try to learn from historical knowledge based on Model on themerit of. The model of optimized structure (test) in the precondition of embedded softwarequality, improve the efficiency of embedded software testing.Data management method of new test reuse technology, contains the logic relationshipmanagement, storage management, target test data generation,3sub methods. Using "thesoftware requirements test tree" structure management data logical relationship; using thedatabase table structure, data storage between flat; in the standard under the guidance of theprinciple, in accordance with the database table definition data collecting historicalknowledge; eventually follow the matching principle, fast generating test data.Test deviation control method of the new test reuse technology, including test reuse processcontrol, defect analysis, historical re test coverage analysis and additional3sub method. To strengthen tracking management of the segmentation stage test software and test data of thestate, to realize the control of the test work, avoid a lot of reuse of historical data may bringthe test deviation, not completely cover the user needs, change the code, test cases are notcovered, there may be insufficient remaining defects.Finally, through the analysis of practice and engineering achievement of new test reusetechnology, further verify the effectiveness and practicability of the new test reuse paper thanthe original test method.In general this paper establishes technology of embedded software testing reuse orientedrequirement, in order to guide the embedded software testing project management andimplementation of the project, the ultimate realization of the basic ensure software quality,improve the throughput of the embedded software testing.更多还原