在科学素养视角下，中外关于“电化学”的教科书比较

【作者】 宋爽；

【导师】 靳莹；

【作者基本信息】 天津师范大学 ， 教育（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 世界许多国家无论是反思本国教育弊病,还是提出新的目标和要求,都将化学基础教育课程教科书的编制作为研究的切入点。本文以提高学生科学素养为视角,构建了比较研究的模型,从课程标准、逻辑体系结构、知识内容、内容的呈现方式等方面对美国、澳大利亚、加拿大和我国教科书中关于“电化学”这部分知识进行比较。得出如下结论：以“科学原理”层次上看：加拿大版教科书涉及知识更多,澳大利亚版和美国版教科书次之。我国教科书明显降低了这部分内容的难度,鲁科版教科书更加贴近美国版教科书。以“科学探究”层次上看：加拿大版和美国版教科书中的实验更加注重其探究过程,引领学生了解科学探究的一般方法和步骤。我国教科书中的实验还多以经典的、验证已知知识的演示实验为主。以“科学品质”层次上看：各版教科书都积极阐述电池对环境的影响,树立学生绿色化学的观念和社会主人翁的责任感。其中蕴含的辩证关系、思想道德等的培养对学生发展也起着推动作用。以“科学影响”层次上看：美国版和澳大利亚版教科书联系了化学史实,美国版和加拿大版教科书让学生了解化学社会从业人员的经历、态度。各版本教科书均将“电化学”的原理与生产实践、日常生活的应用相联系。更多还原

【Abstract】 Whether they think the ill of their education, or propose new goals and requirements for do their education, many countries in the world research firstly on the preparation of the chemical basic education curriculum textbooks. In this paper, I devote myself to compare the difference of "electrochemistry" in the textbooks of United States, Australia, Canada, and China with respect curriculum standards, the logical architecture, knowledge content, the the presentation of content and so on, which is based on the improve of the quality of personnel training. Making the following conclusions:From the level of the scientific principles:Canada textbook’s contents are the most, while followed by textbooks of Australia and United States. Textbooks in China significantly reduce the difficulty of contents, and textbooks of Shandong Science and Technology Press are closer to United States’s.From the level of the scientific inquiry:The experiments attaches great importance to the exploration process in the textbooks of Canada and United States,guide the students to understand the general methods and steps of scientific inquiry. Experiments in our textbooks are mainly classical as well as verify the known theories.From the level of the scientific quality:Textbooks of each edition elaborate actively on the effect that batteries bring to the environment, building up the student’s idea on green chemistry and the responsibility for a strong sense of ownership to society. And among those contain dialectic relationship, training of morality also play a role in the promotion on the student’s development.From the level of the scientific inflence:The history of chemistry involved in textbooks of United States and Australia, the students understand chemical social workers’ experience and attitude in textbooks of United States and Canada. Electrochemistry is associated with productive practice and daily life in textbooks of each edition.更多还原