【作者】 刘宏伟；

【导师】 柯阳友； 王越飞；

【作者基本信息】 河北大学 ， 法律， 2014， 硕士

【摘要】 随着社会的进步及人们法律意识的提升，环境问题、消费者权益保护问题、国有资产流失等问题越来越受到人们的关注。人们不仅仅运用法律武器来保护纯个人利益，还开始寻求运用法律的手段来维护有利于人类长远发展的社会公共利益，这使得公益诉讼制度的研究成为民事诉讼领域的一个热点问题。在英美法系国家和大陆法系国家，民事公益诉讼的研究已经进入一个相对成熟的阶段。与之相较，我国的民事公益诉讼立法之路才刚刚起步。他山之石可以攻玉，我们可以学习国外的立法与司法经验，把国内外研究的优秀成果与中国的基本国情相结合，建立和完善我国的民事公益诉讼法律制度。目前我国立法规定的民事公益诉讼案件主要是环境保护领域及消费者权益保护领域的公益案件，但是参考国外民事公益诉讼的研究成果和社会的需求，该类案件的范围必然是逐步扩大的。公益切实得到维护需要多方位的力量参与其中，所以民事公益诉讼的主体除了检察机关、社会团体外，也可以在特定情况下增加一些主管行政机关。至于公民，本文认为暂时还不适宜享有该项权利。随着社会司法资源的增多和公民个人维护公益能力的提升，可以赋予公民提起民事公益诉讼的权利，但是应当加以限制。诉讼请求决定了民事公益诉讼的目的和方向，民事公益诉讼的请求大致分为确认无效，停止侵害、排除危害，损害赔偿和发布禁令这几个方面，每一类诉求都有各自的特点，在民事公益诉讼中，原告可以单独提出某一种诉请，根据案情需要，也可以同时提出多个诉请。民事公益诉讼本质上是民事诉讼，但是其又具有特殊性，即带有公益性，所以，其程序必然与普通民事案件的程序有相同之处，也有不同之处。对于民事公益诉讼，要灵活适用普通民事诉讼的程序。不适宜运用在民事公益诉讼案件中的程序，则可以根据民事公益诉讼的特殊性进行改进，最终建立起适合公益诉讼特殊性，适合我国国情的民事公益诉讼制度。希望本文能为我国民事公益诉讼制度的完善贡献绵薄之力。更多还原

【Abstract】 Study on the system of civil public interest litigation is a hot issue in the field of civillitigation. With the development of society and people’s legal awareness，people pay moreand more attention to environmental issues, consumer protection issues, the loss of nationalassets issues and so on. People not only use legal to protect personal interests, also beganto use legal to protect the social public interest which making for Human long-termdevelopment. In countries of Anglo American law system and the continental lawsystem, the research on civil public interest action has entered a relatively mature stage. Bycontrast, China’s legislation of civil public interest litigation road has just started. By other’sfaults, wise men correct their own, we can on the basis of domestic and foreign advancedlegislative and judicial experience, and base on our basic national condition, to establishand perfect our legal system of civil public interest litigation.At present, the civil public interest litigation of our country included the public interestcases of environmental protection and the protection of consumer rights and interests.But in reference to foreign research results and the needs of society, the scope of this kind ofcase is gradually expanding. Public interest effectively safeguarded the need formulti-faceted forces involved, so the subject of civil public interest litigation should also bediversified. Procuratorial organs and social organizations may be filed public interestlitigation, some of the administrative organ may also file a civil public interest litigation inspecific cases. For individual citizens have the right to separate the civil public interestlitigation or not? This paper does not agree with that the citizens have the right at present. Butwith the development of society, the judicial resources abundantly and citizens havesufficient capacity to protect the public interest, it can be restricted to citizens of the civilpublic interest litigation rights. Litigation claim determines the purpose and direction of thecivil public interest litigation. The civil public interest litigation claim includes a confirmedinvalid, the cessation of the infringement, elimination of danger, compensation for damage,ban. Each claim all have their own characteristics. We can choose one or several claims in the civil public interest litigation.The civil public interest litigation has the public welfare, its own particularity decides itcan not be equated with ordinary civil procedure. For the civil public interestlitigation procedure construction should be based on the traditional civil litigation,considering the particularity of civil public interest litigation, keep these programs whichsuit for civil public interest litigation and modify the other programs, finally, establishpublic interest litigation particularity, suitable for China’s national conditions of the system ofcivil public interest litigation. I hope this paper can contribute to the perfection of legislationof civil public interest litigation and judicial interpretations.更多还原