【作者】 冯婧；

【导师】 沈海东； 张兆松；

【作者基本信息】 宁波大学 ， 诉讼法学（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 案件事实认定是法官按照一定的规则形成心证的过程，从形式看是法官按三段论法则，以法律为大前提以案件事实为小前提的逻辑过程。但是，法律是抽象的并不能直接适用，而事实也是复杂的，能否被法律所涵摄只能是一种可能性，这就需要法官不断在事实与法律间往返，将这种事实与法律匹配的可能性转化为现实性。案件事实认定作为法律适用的前提和基础，其重要性是不言而喻的。由于制定法的限制，目前往往将案件事实认定放在证据制度的框架内进行研究和讨论，这是对现实的一种无奈选择。但从正当程序的要求来看，案件事实认定显然不仅指证据，证据仅仅是发现事实的一种论证手段，案件事实认定还包含着许多深层次基础理论和外部制度因素，如心证的地位、真实的标准、权力设置和分配、心证的限制规则等。无论是古代神判、数量证据规则，还是目前国内普遍采用的排除合理怀疑实际上都是心证形成的一种形式，其次从心证形成的过程来看，心证形成必然要受到外部制度条件和认定限制规则的制约。本文从案件事实概念开始，结合国内外案件事实认定的一般理论，重点对心证形成的外部制度条件进行分析，在此基础上指出现行我国案件事实认定制度设计的不足，并提出制度设计的改进意见。更多还原

【Abstract】 Cognizing the facts is the process of free evaluation of evidence through inner verdict by ajudge according to a certain regulations, which is the process done by the judge according to thesyllogism taking the law as the major premise and with the case facts as the minor premise.However, the law is abstract and certainly cannot directly be suitable, while the fact is complexedand whether it could be contained by the law is only a possibility. So the judge needs to go throughthe case facts and the law, and then matches the facts with the law.To cognize the case facts as the premise and base of applying the law is very important. As aresult of the limitation of the written law, cognizing the case facts is usually discussed in theevidence system frame, which is a helpless choice according to the reality. But from the request ofthe right procedures, cognizing the case facts is not only pointing to evidences, which is only areasoning method of finding the facts, but also includes many deep-rooted basic theories andexterior system factors such as the status of the free evaluation of evidence, the standards of thetruth, the setting and distribution of the power and the limitations of the free evaluation of evidenceand so on.This article considers that firstly, both the judgments done by the deity in the ancientry andamounting the evidences, but also the prevalently adopted excluding any reasonable suspicions inour country, is one kind of forms of free evaluation of evidence, and secondly from the process offree evaluation of evidence, it is inevitably limited by the exterior system condition and the rules ofcognizance. This article starts with the conception of the case facts, combing the general theories ofcognizing the case facts, emphasizes on discuss the outer system condition and then points outinsufficiency of the system of cognizing the case facts in our country and puts forwards theopinions of improving the system.Since the limited skill of the author and the difficulties of collecting and analyzing thematerials, the author only does the coarse analysis of cognizing the case facts, but hoping for thefurther research in the future and the readers’suggestions on improving this article.更多还原