【作者】 李杨；

【导师】 唐琳；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 中国哲学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 郭象“无为”思想源于老庄，郭象其时士人的“无为”观引致虚浮放诞之风盛行，此为刺激郭象“无为”思想产生的直接因素，魏晋时期会通儒道的治学新风尚则为郭象重建“无为”新义提供了方法指导，此为郭象“无为”思想之形成背景。郭象以“无为”为天地万物的存在状态和行为原则。“无为”的依据在于万物皆“自生”，生不由于为，故须“无为”于生。“无为”非谓无所作为，其要义在于任性而为、率性而动，“性分”新义构建“无为”新义：“性”自动自足，故可以也应该任性而为；“性”内自足而外有分，故任性而为即尽性而为且分内而为；“性”有凡圣之有方无方的区分，故任性之“无为”有凡人之任性自为于一方和圣人之任万物之自为的区分；“性”涵括自然性和社会性，故君臣上下各守其位、各司其职之“有为”皆为“无为”。“天性”自动，但当任之；分内而为，为其所能为，故谓“无为”乃天下至易者。万物各“自为”、“无为”，客观上可形成彼此相为相济的结果，即“相为于无相为”，此为“无为”之意义。郭象认为“无为”之于人生和社会有其现实价值和意义，即“无为”可全生，“无为”可逍遥，“无为”可成圣，“无为”可成至治之世，且四者相互联系，个人之自由逍遥与社会之尊卑有序的实现乃同一过程，故谓“名教即自然”。郭象“无为”思想完满圆融，新意迭出，影响深远且彰显一崇尚个性解放和个性自由的魏晋风度，是郭象玄学的一个重要理论。更多还原

【Abstract】 The "Wuwei" ideology of Kuo Hsiang stems from the philosophy of lao zhuang. The misunderstanding of "Wuwei" breeded the prevailment of unhealthy ways and customs of nothingness. This directly stimulated the emergence of "Wuwei". The "Wuwei" ideology of Kuo Hsiang came against the background of the research fashion of communication between Confucian and Taoism, which provides guidance method for the reestablishment of "Wuwei".In Kuo Hsiang’s ideological system,"Wuwei" is the mode of being and behavior principle for the universe. The basis of "Wuwei" lies in the fact that everything is "self-production"(Zisheng)". Action cannot produce other beings, so "Wuwei" brings about the birth of being."Wuwei" does not mean non-action, whose whole essence is action guided by the principles of nature and a profound discernment of the way of naturalness. Nature is self-transformation and with inexhaustible power, so it can and should perform according to its principles. Nature is inner self-sufficiency and exterior has lot, so the action according to the principles of nature exactly is to realization the nature and accept one’s natural endowment. Individuals has differences in natural endowment, so "Wuwei" according to the principles of nature has differences in mortal and sage. The "nature" has Natural instinct and social instinct, so the "action" that the sage finds himself in the halls of ritual and government is "Wuwei". The "nature" acts as the principles of nature, does what could do as the lot, so "Wuwei" renews itself constantly. Being is "so of itself" and "Wuwei", objectively leading to the interactive action of each other, but the objective result is not the subjective intention of Dao. This brings out the real meaning of Daoist "Wuwei"Kuo Hsiang maintains that "Wuwei" is of great importance to the life and society. Abide by "Wuwei", beings can develop their nature and capacity to the fullest, can capture the essence of "Xiaoyao", everyone can become a saint, the Society can get Supreme runned, and they are interrelated with each other. The accomplish of personal freedom and social order is the same process, which is "ethics is nature".The "Wuwei", which is perfect and replete with original ideas, is an important theory of Kuo Hsiang’s metaphysics.. It is profound and it reveals an advocation of personality liberation and individual freedom of the Wei-Jin demeanor.更多还原