【作者】 杨文；

【导师】 赵秀兰；

【作者基本信息】 西北师范大学 ， 英语语言文学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 2001年诺贝尔文学奖得主维·苏·奈保尔是一位来自西印度群岛特立尼达的印裔移民作家，与印度、特立尼达、英国乃至欧洲等多国文化息息相关，他是一个文学世界的漂流者。奈保尔的作品主要表现殖民宗主国对第三世界，尤其是非洲国家的控制和破坏，以及异质文化间的冲突和融合。其代表作《河湾》是一部关于非洲的充满悲观情绪的小说,凸现了一个古老大陆在本土化与普遍化之间的艰难处境。在小说《河湾》中作者揭示了第三世界的动荡与落后以及非洲人民的无奈与迷茫这一主题。本论文以热奈特的叙事学理论为依据来研究奈保尔小说《河湾》中的叙事时间。与现代批评理论紧密相连,叙事时间理论在西方文学批评界中扮演着越来越重要的角色。作为叙事学的代表人物，在对文学文本进行分析时，热奈特独辟蹊径，对叙事的深层进行剖析和研究，以挖掘文本的深层特质。其中，他的叙事学理论对文学文本的叙事时间特征做了大量研究，专门提出了一套叙事时间概念，抓住文本叙事时间特征，分析时序、时距、频率，探讨叙事节奏。作为现代主义的代表作家之一，奈保尔在《河湾》中打破了传统的线性叙述模式，展示了一套体现时空的新系统。时间是一部小说的关键部分，在小说中有着举足轻重的作用。叙事时间不仅仅可以影响故事的发展过程，限定一部小说的起点、高潮和结尾，而且叙事时间的合理布局更是文本的一大闪光点。奈保尔试图让读者在时空的变化交替中理解他的作品。因此，本文从叙事时间着手分析，以此来探讨奈保尔是如何通过这些叙事技巧来揭示其主题的。论文共分五大部分。第一部分是对奈保尔及其小说《河湾》的简单介绍。第二部分回顾了过去五十多年中外评论家对奈保尔以及《河湾》的评论。从而阐明了本篇论文的选题意义。第三部分主要介绍本篇论文所运用的理论。首先简单介绍了叙事学的概念，然后介绍了热奈特的叙事时间理论。第四部分是论文的主体部分。首先是对文本的非线性叙事时间进行探讨。预叙和倒叙穿插于过去、现在、未来的叙述当中，这种非线性的时序既能真实再现个人的内心思想，又把个人的心路历程渗透于过去、现在、未来的叙事中。其次，分析文本的叙事时距。省略、停顿、概要、场景的巧妙安排使小说在节奏上张弛有度，而且将小说的主旨表达得淋漓尽致。最后，是对叙事频率的解读。单一叙事、重复叙事和反复叙事的灵活使用使故事的场面更显清晰，从而更深刻地感受小说所蕴含的主题意义。奈保尔所采用的独特的叙事方式不仅有助于对小说人物与主题的理解，而且在小说的建构中始终保持着自己对于第三世界尤其非洲及其人民的态度，从而带给读者无限的思考与感悟。第五部分是基于以上分析的结论。论文通过以上分析得出了小说《河湾》的主题——第三世界的动荡与落后与非洲人民的迷茫和无奈。奈保尔的文字一直深入“黑暗世界”的内部，通过对时序、时距、频率的分析与解读,读者无法回避他提出的问题：第三世界的落后和衰败，除了昔日西方的殖民掠夺之外，是否还有其自身的原因？这些区域现今的自我殖民状态，究竟应该由谁来负责？更多还原

【Abstract】 The winner of Nobel Prize for literature of2001V. S. Naipaul is an immigrant writer of Indian Origin fromthe Trinidad of West Indies. He is closely related to Indian, Trinidad, UK and European multinational cultures.He is a nomadic intellectual in literary world. His works mainly convey the message of the domination anddestruction of the Third World by the suzerain, especially to the African countries, as well as the conflicts andinteractions of heterogeneous cultures. His masterpiece A Bend in the River is a pessimistic novel about Africa.In this novel, the writer highlights the difficult situation between localization and generalization of an oldcontinent, and he reveals the theme of backwardness and restlessness of the Third World and helplessness andconfusion of the African people.Based on Genette’s narrative theory, this thesis studies the narrative time of Naipaul’s novel A Bend in theRiver. The theory of narrative time is getting more and more attention from literary critics. As the representativefigure of narratology, Genette developes a new way in the analysis of literary text, and he studies to dig deepertrait of the text. Among the researchers, he does a lot of studies of the narrative time of the literary text, puttingforward a set of concepts of narrative time, which analyzed the characteristic of narrative time, the narrativerhythm of order, duration and frequency in text. As one of the representative of modernist writers, Naipaulsubverted the traditional linear mode in narratology in his novel, and showed a set of new system that reflectsnarrative time and space. Time is the key to a novel, and it plays a pivotal role. Narrative time not onlyinfluences the development of the story, but the start, the climax and the end as well. The reasonable layout ofnarrative time is a shining point of a novel. Naipaul tried to let his works be understood in the change of timeand space. Therefore, this thesis intends to make an analysis in narrative time to explore how Naipaul used thesenarrative techniques to convey the theme of his work.This thesis includes five parts: Part One is a brief introduction to Naipaul and his A Bend in the River. PartTwo is the critical reception of Naipaul and A Bend in the River in past50years. Based on it the reason andsignificance of choosing the topic of this thesis is made. Part Three is the theory on which this thesis is based. Itintroduces some main concepts of narratology, then, introduces Genette’s theory and his narrative time.Part Four is the main body of the thesis. Firstly this thesis explores the non-linear narrative order of the text.Prolepsis and analepsis interspersed in the narration of past, present and future, the non-linear order not onlyrepresents the true inner thoughts of an individual, but also penetrates the spiritual journey in the narrative ofpast, present, and future. Secondly, this thesis analyzes the narrative duration of the text. Ellipsis, pause,summary and scene are cleverly arranged, which creates different rhythms in the novel and expresses the main thrust of the novel vividly. Finally, it is the interpretation of narrative frequency. Flexibility in the use of thesingle narrative, repeating narrative and iterative narrative makes the scene of the story clearer, and thus thereaders deeply understand the theme and significance of the novel. In the construction of the novel, Naipaul’sunique narrative not only contributes to the understanding of the theme and characters of the novel, but alsokeeps the writer retaining his attitude towards the Third World, especially Africa and its people to leave readersunlimited thinking and insights.Part Five is the conclusion based on the analysis made above. It is concluded that the theme of the novel isthat the restlessness and backwardness of the Third World as well as the confusion and helplessness of Africanpeople. Naipaul’s words stretch deeply into the dark world, and through the analysis and interpretation ofnarrative order, duration and frequency, readers cannot avoid the questions he raised: who should be responsiblefor the restlessness and backwardness of the Third World? Besides the former western colonial predations, arethere any businesses of their own? And who should be responsible for the current state of domestic colonizationof these areas?更多还原