【作者】 张慧娟；

【导师】 李志勇； 陆卓华；

【作者基本信息】 上海交通大学 ， 生物工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 野菊花又名山野菊、路边菊、野黄菊、苦薏等，为菊科，菊属，多年生草本植物，分布于东北、华北、华中、华南及西南各省，生于山坡、荒野、路边。其花具有极佳的药用保健功效和极高的饮用价值，野菊花具有广谱抗菌、抗病毒、降压、增加冠脉血流量、清除活性氧自由基等作用。菊花一直以其清爽宜人的香气而受到人们的喜爱，成为我国著名的饮用菊花，但是菊花茶等野菊花相关食品高温杀菌后会产生不良异味，这严重影响菊花深加工产品的开发与推广。由于野菊花资源极其香气的特殊性及其化学成分的复杂性，目前市场上几乎没有高品质的合成香精出现，而国内的一些采用传统方法制得的野菊花香料不但没有解决野菊花香气不稳定的问题，而且大多存在有毒溶剂残留、香气强度不够等隐患问题而难以达到食品行业的应用要求。本研究采用超临界CO₂萃取技术对野菊花香气成分进行提取，分别对夹带剂种类及其添加量、萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间及分离条件等因素进行单因素实验，从而考查其对萃取产物得率及品质的影响，从而确定了超临界CO₂萃取的最佳工艺参数。对野菊花SFE油浸膏采用分子蒸馏的方法进一步精制，除去对香气没有贡献的大分子物质，制备出香气香味逼真、强度高的野菊花精油，研究确定了分子蒸馏的最佳工艺及操作条件。采用喷雾干燥微胶囊化技术对SFE油浸膏进行包埋制粉，制备出品质稳定性优良、天然的野菊花粉末香料，并研究确定了最佳包埋壁材及其用量、乳化工艺参数、喷雾干燥工艺参数等工艺条件。采用乙醇溶解－冷冻解析法除去野菊花SFE油浸膏中所含的蜡质，制备出天然野菊花液体香料，研究确定最佳除蜡工艺。最后通过GC-MS鉴定出野菊花精油的化学成分，确定具有野菊花特殊的香味物质，同时证明了超临界CO₂萃取在野菊花香气提取上优越性。本研究所得野菊花香料的原料均为天然野菊花朵花，萃取分离方法为纯物理技术，工艺过程加入的试剂药品也为食用级别产品，最终产品只有或没有食用级别的溶剂残留，因此所得的野菊花香料绿色健康，堪称天然野菊花香料，同时符合现代社会追求食品添加剂天然化的趋势，具有广阔的市场和良好的发展前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wild chrysanthemum has good medical health and drinking value,its flavor is loved by people because of its refreshing and pleasantaroma, and has become a well-known drinking chrysanthemum.However, wild chrysanthemum–related food, such as chrysanthemumtea, high-temperature sterilization will release bad smell, whichseriously affects the development and promotion of chrysanthemumdeep-processing product. Because the special resources and complexchemical composition of wild chrysanthemum, high-quality synthesisflavor is lacking. And some domestic chrysanthemum perfumes, whichare extracted and separated by traditional methods, cannot avoid aromachanges, but meanwhile most of which have toxic solvents residual andhaven’t enough strength aroma, so they cannot meet the applicationrequirements of food industries.First, in this study, SFE technology was used to extract wildchrysanthemum aroma components. The types of entrainer and itscontent, the extracted pressure, the extracted temperature, the extractedtime and the separated conditions by single factor test were investigated, with the aim to determine the optimum technology which has highextractive rate and prepare high-quality product.Second, molecular distillation was used to remove themacromolecule ingredients so as to separate the essential oil from wildchrysanthemum SFE extraction. The essential oil produced has high andrealistic chrysanthemum aroma.Third, chrysanthemum microencapsulated perfume withstable-quality was prepared by spray drying technology from SFEextractum. The optimum types of wall-material and its content, theprocessing of emulsion and spray drying were optimized.Fourth, ethanol solution–frozen crystallization method was usedto remove the wax from wild chrysanthemum SFE extractum so as topreparation of wild chrysanthemum liquid perfume.Finally, the chemical compositions of chrysanthemum SFE-MDessential oil was identified, some special contribution chemical aromascompositions of it was found, and it was proved that the technology ofsupercritical CO₂extraction was suitable for extracting aroma fromchrysanthemum.All the materials used by this institute are natural rawchrysanthemum flowers, the extraction and separation technologies arepurely physical process, the reagents and drugs used in the processingare food-grade products, the final product has no solvents residual or only food grade reagents, all these indicate that the chrysanthemumperfumes made by these technologies are green and healthy, so they canbe called natural chrysanthemum perfumes. This is in line with modernsocial trends of pursuit natural food additives and has broad potentialmarket prospects.更多还原