【作者】 刘海；

【导师】 陈照波；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 机械工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 高速列车在通过高铁高架车站时会对候车厅产生严重的噪声影响。候车厅噪声来源包括站台层传入的直达声和室内混响声，且候车厅站房建筑顶板为主要噪声辐射源。为改善候车厅室内声学环境，在天棚加装降噪结构是最直接有效的措施，本文提出了一种隔吸声复合式蜂窝夹层结构，并结合理论分析，建模计算和实验测试对复合结构进行了参数设计，同时验证复合结构的降噪效果。本文根据波动原理推导了蜂窝夹层板的隔声量表达式，运用声学间接边界元法计算了不同规格蜂窝夹层的隔声量，研究了参数对隔声性能的影响规律。利用模态分析法研究了不同结构的隔声频段特点，相比其他结构，蜂窝夹层板表现出较好的低频隔声效果。建立微穿孔板的声电类比模型，计算了结构的吸声系数。研究了吸声系数峰值、吸声带宽和共振频率随结构参数变化的规律。在此基础上，计算了双层串联微穿孔结构的吸声系数，研究了空腔高度组合对吸声带宽和吸声系数峰值的影响规律。相比单层微穿孔结构，双层结构吸声带宽向低频扩展，低频吸声效果更为显著。利用阻抗管进行了蜂窝夹层板隔声量和微孔蜂窝板吸声系数的测试实验。加工和测试了不同规格的样件，总结了两种结构降噪量实验结果随参数变化的规律。对比蜂窝夹层结构隔声量仿真计算与实验测试结果，分析了密封和边界条件对结构低频隔声效果的影响。根据蜂窝夹层板隔声量计算和测试结果，设计了隔吸声复合结构的隔声结构参数。利用正交试验方法设计了复合结构的吸声部分，确定了最优参数组合。结合双层微孔结构研究结果和多孔材料吸声特性，进行了隔吸声复合式蜂窝夹层结构的设计，确定了结构的层叠方式和主要结构参数。对所设计的隔吸声复合结构进行了等效面密度计算，开展了隔声量和吸收系数测试实验。计算和实验结果表明，所设计隔吸声复合式蜂窝夹层结构满足设计目标要求。更多还原

【Abstract】 High-speed train can cause serious noise influence on waiting hall when passingthrough high-speed railway elevated station. The noise sources of waiting hall includedirect sound incoming from the platform layer and indoor reverberation sound, and thebuilding roof is the main noise source. To improve the indoor acoustical environment,mounting the noise reduction structure to the ceiling is the most direct and effectivemeasure. So this paper proposes an acoustic insulation and absorption compositehoneycomb sandwich structure, and combines with theoretical analysis, simulation andexperimental test on the composite structure parameter design, finally verifies the noisereduction effect of the composite structure.In this paper, the acoustic insulation expression of the honeycomb sandwich plateis derived according to the principle of the sound propagation. Using acoustic indirectboundary element method to calculate the transmission loss of different specificationsof the honeycomb sandwich, studied the influence laws of parameters on the soundinsulation performance. Modal analysis method has been used to study the noisespectrum characteristics of the structure. Comparing with other structures, honeycombsandwich plate shows better low frequency sound insulation effect.The acoustoelectric analogy model of the microperforated panel is established; alsothe sound absorption coefficient of the structure has been calculated. It studies theprinciple of the peak of absorption coefficient, bandwidth of absorption coefficient, andresonance frequency changing with structural parameters. On this basis, it calculates thesound absorption coefficient of double-leaf micro-perforated structure, studies the lawshow cavity thickness combination influent the bandwidth of absorption coefficient andthe peak of absorption coefficient. Comparing with single-layer microperforatedstructure, the absorption bandwidth of double-leaf structure extends to the lowfrequency area, low frequency absorption effect is more pronounced.The transmission loss of honeycomb sandwich plate and the absorption coefficientof the microperforated–honeycomb composite panel are tested by using the impedancetube. By processing and testing the samples of different specification, it sums up therule that the noise reduction results of the two structures change with the parameters. Itcompares the simulation calculation result and test result of transmission loss of thehoneycomb sandwich structure, analyses the sound insulation effect in low frequencyarea that influenced by sealing and boundary conditions.The insulation structure parameters of the acoustic insulation and absorptioncomposite structure are designed according to the calculation result and test result of thehoneycomb sandwich plate. Also the acoustic absorption part is designed by orthogonal test method, the optimal parameter combination has been determined. The acousticinsulation and absorption composite structure is designed by combing with the studyresults of double-leaf microperforated structure and the absorption characteristics ofporous material, the cascade mode and main structural parameters are determined aswell. The equivalent surface density of the designed composite structure is calculated;also the transmission loss and absorption coefficient are tested. Calculation and testresults show that the designed acoustic insulation and absorption composite honeycombsandwich structure can meet the design goals and objectives.更多还原