【作者】 王俊；

【导师】 刘京；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 供热、供燃气、通风及空调工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着经济的发展，环境污染问题日益突出。环境污染对人们生命健康产生严重威胁，而室内环境污染对人们健康的影响尤甚。继“光化学污染”、“煤烟型污染”之后，人类正在经历以“室内空气污染”为标志的第三污染时期。对CO中毒事件一般从特定的气象条件方面进行研究，这对于建立CO中毒气象预报具有一定的应用价值，但缺乏建筑环境领域的相关分析。本文进一步深入探讨北方严寒地区冬季民居CO中毒事件的发生机制，进而给出解决方案。其主要研究内容分为四个部分：1．通过实测研究CO不完全燃烧时产生的平均CO浓度水平、严寒地区典型民居的围护结构热参数、围护结构渗风性能等；2．根据发生CO中毒事件的典型民居建立模型，结合实测得到的数据进行边界条件的设置；3．严寒地区冬季特定天气条件下室内CO生成及在室内传输和累积的物理过程及分布规律；4．研究获得CO的扩散程度及分布规律与建筑本体以及室外环境参数之间的影响关系，从而提出避免冬季CO室内中毒现象的建筑本体和通风系统改良方案。课题运用现场实测与数值模拟相结合的方法对事件的发生和预防进行了研究。通过实测数据与模拟结果发现：CO气体在室内分布并不均匀。房间上部空间CO浓度高于地面；墙壁附近区域由于回流的作用，CO浓度高于中间区域；迎风面的窗口附近区域CO浓度最低。燃烧产生的CO气体主要通过灶体上方开口扩散到室内。增大这个开口的密闭性对室内CO浓度的降低有显著的效果。通过本文模拟发现，当灶上开口的圆孔的半径小于1.25cm左右时，即使煤质不完全燃烧，睡眠时人体所在平面的CO浓度低于4mg/m~3，达到室内空气质量CO24小时浓度平均值的限值要求。围护结构开口的渗风性对室内CO浓度高低及其分布也有较明显的影响。一定条件下增大开口渗风量可以预防CO中毒事件的产生。模拟结果显示，当迎风面的窗口缝隙宽度增加到2.12cm时，在煤质不完全燃烧的状态下，室内CO浓度降低到4mg/m~3(3.110-6)，达到标准要求。此外，模拟结果显示外界气象条件对CO中毒事件的发生有一定影响。风速小，室内外温差小等天气条件下易引起CO中毒事件的发生。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the high-speed economic development today，the living standard of people ishigher， but the environment is worse. Environmental pollution problems can beseen everywhere，it has been a serious threat to people life health.The indoorenvironment pollution affect people’s health more. Rural areas in China， thebiomass and coal combustion is the main source of indoor air pollution. COpoisoning has been a common occurrence.There are many people have done much follow-up studies of CO incidentmechanism， but they generally from a specific study of CO poisoningmeteorological condition.What they do to establish CO poisoning meteorologicalforecast has certain application value，but the study of correlation analysis in thefield of building environment is lack. In this research，on the basis of the prophasework,we will do further explore about CO poisoning of winter residence in thenorth cold region mechanism to give solutions.The main research contents aredivided into four parts:1.The levels of CO in the flue gas and the combustion state of pulverized coalwere studied by measuring different combustion condition.2.To build a model according to the typical residential of CO poisoningincidents, then set the boundary conditions combined with the data obtained by themeasured.3.To find the generation，transmission, the process of accumulation about COgas and the mechanism of CO poisoning under the winter specific weatherconditions in cold region.4.This paper aimed at obtaining the influence between diffusion degrees of COand the architecture body, thus solutions of proper architecture body which avoidsindoor CO poisoning and improved ventilation method were proposed.In this subject，we take two methods—field measurement and numerical tostudy the mechanism and countermeasures to prevent the occurrence of the event.Through the measured data and simulation results,we coule find that the distributionof indoor CO is not uniform. CO concentration in the upper space is higher than the area near the ground. Due to the effect of reflow, the CO concentration near thewalls is higher than the middle area. In the area near the window of windward side,CO concentration is lower. According to the above results, people can choose regionof low concentration to do something to prevent CO poisoning.CO gas from the burning is mainly through the top openings of the stove bodyto the interior. If we could increase the leakproofness of the openings，we couldfing the concentration of indoor CO has been lessenclearly. Wind penetration of theOpenings on the retaining structure has also an obvious effect on indoor COconcentration level and its distribution. Under certain conditions,increasing openinginfiltration airflow can prevent the generation of CO poisoning. Strengthening heatpreservation of stove and chimney can promote the ventilation of the chimney,thenreduce indoor CO concentration.In addition， the simulation also found that the outside weather conditionshave a significant impact on the CO poisoning events. Low outdoor air pressure，low wind speed， high temperature， temperature inversion and so on are marks ofCO poisoning.Under these conditions，people should be vigilant to prevent thehappening of the CO poisoning.更多还原