【作者】 马跃；

【导师】 王淑娟；

【作者基本信息】 哈尔滨工业大学 ， 电气工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着近年来对航空航天系统的可靠性要求不断增长，航天继电器作为故障率最高的元器件之一，其寿命和可靠性也亟需提高。因此，航天继电器的失效机理与寿命预测方法的研究具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。从电弧侵蚀和材料转移的角度，观测继电器触点表面形貌，并结合继电器在寿命试验中监测到的敏感参数退化趋势，分析航天继电器失效机理与失效模式。本文对阻性负载、容性负载和感性负载下的航天继电器进行寿命试验，分别进行失效机理及模式分析，比较不同负载条件对航天继电器失效机理及模式的影响。基于敏感参数的数据，利用主元分析和马氏距离判别法进行航天继电器失效机理判别。通过失效机理分析和敏感参数退化趋势的观测，确定不同失效模式下的预测变量及其失效阈值。提出基于敏感参数的试验数据建立航天继电器的退化模型。为了提高退化模型的精度，采用野值剔除、平滑处理及小波变换等方法对敏感数据进行消噪。用失效继电器的实际寿命与退化模型的预测寿命进行比较，验证退化模型的正确性。设计并研制了航天继电器可靠性寿命试验系统。整个系统由硬件系统、下位机软件系统和上位机软件系统组成。硬件系统完成实时采集航天继电器触点电压、触点电流、线圈电流和触点压降的信号，通过下位机软件算法计算得到敏感参数的数值并传送给上位机。上位机完成参数设置、敏感参数显示并保存，完成基于后续数据的失效机理分析、失效模式判别、寿命预测等功能。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, with the increasing demands on the reliability of aerospacesystems, as one of the components which have the highest failure rate, the life andreliability of the aerospace relay needs to be urgently improved. Therefore, researchon failure mechanism and life prediction method for aerospace relays has significanttheoretical and practical value.From the angle of arc erosion and material transformation, the surfacemorphology of delay contact is observed in the essay. And with the degradationtrend of sensitive parameters monitored in the life test, the failure mechanism andfailure mode of aerospace relay are analyzed. Through the life test for aerospacerelay with resistance, capacitive and inductive load, the failure mechanism andfailure mode are analyzed respectively, and the effects of different load conditionsare compared. Based on the data of sensitive parameters, the failure mechanism ofaerospace relay is discriminated by principal component analysis and Mahalanobisdistance discrimination method respectively.In this essay, the predictive variable and failure threshold under different failuremodes are determined by observing the failure mechanism analysis and thedegradation trends of sensitive parameters. The testing data based on sensitiveparameters in put forward and degradation model of aerospace relay is established.In order to improve the accuracy of degradation models, the methods of outlierseliminating, smoothing process and wavelet transformation are used for denoising ofthe sensitive data. The actual life and predictive life in the degradation model offailure relay are compared to validate the accuracy of the degradation models.In this essay, the reliability and life test system of aerospace relay is designedand developed. The whole system consists of hardware system, lower computersoftware system and upper computer system. The real-time acquisition of contactvoltage, contact current, coil current and the signal of contact voltage drop isaccomplished by hardware system. The date of sensitive parameters calculatedthrough the algorithm in the lower computer software is transmitted to the uppercomputer. Parameters setting, the display and saving of sensitive parameters as wellas failure mode analysis, failure mode discrimination and life prediction of thesubsequent data are accomplished by the upper computer.更多还原