【作者】 曾辉；

【导师】 陈红梅；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 法学理论， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 饮水安全问题已经成为一个世界性的问题，安全饮用水的缺乏已经严重威胁到人类的生存。基于此，如何加强对公民饮水权的保护成为国际上普遍关注的话题。适足饮水权是指人作为人所应当享有的，向国家或政府主张用于个人和家庭生活的充足、安全、便于获取的供水的权利。适足饮水权是每一个自然人所应当享有的权利。国家或政府在保障公民适足饮水权上负有不可推卸的责任。国家应该充分保障公民的适足饮水权，这不仅仅是因为适足饮水权属于人权，更是因为它是一项基本人权，其基本人权属性有着充足的理论依据。适足饮水权不是孤立的存在，它同生命权、健康权等一系列人权都有着千丝万缕的联系。目前我国饮水现状极为严峻，存在着饮水数量不足，饮水质量过差，农村获取安全饮用水难的问题。要解决这些问题，司法无疑起着至关重要的作用，但我国司法在适足饮水权的保障上还存在很多不足之处，主要表现在：司法保障公民适足饮水权缺乏足够的法律依据；现有的诉讼形式无法为公民适足饮水权提供充分有效的保障；司法不独立、违宪审查权缺失制约了司法人权保障功能的发挥；法院审理水污染案件存在技术上的不足；法律援助制度不完善降低了公民获得救济的可能性。这些不足严重制约了司法在适足饮水权保障上发挥应有的作用。无救济则无权利，完善我国适足饮水权司法保障制度迫在眉睫，并且是可行的。《世界人权宣言》、《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》以及《第15号一般性意见：水权》为以司法的方式保障适足饮水权提供了坚实的国际法基础。南非及印度的司法实践为适足饮水权的司法保障提供了可供借鉴的经验。因此，在立足我国实际并吸收国外经验的基础上，可以从以下几方面对适足饮水权的司法保障制度进行完善，即完善宪法、部门法以及地方性法规等相关法律制度，为适足饮水权司法保障提供充分的法律依据；建立宪法诉讼制度，完善行政诉讼制度，积极实现公民的适足饮水权；实现司法独立，赋予法院违宪审查权，以树立司法权威；完善环保法庭建设；完善法律援助制度，保证人人都有能够获得法律救济；同国际接轨，参照国际条约的相关规定来促进我国适足饮水权的实现。更多还原

【Abstract】 Water crisis has become a hot topic in today’s world, a series of questions whicharouse by water crisis are posed a serious threat to human survival environment.How tostrengthen the protection of citizens’ right to water has become a common concern topic tothe international.Right to water is the natural and indispensable right that a person as aperson should enjoy.People has the right to call for the country or goverment provide easyto derive sufficient, safe and acceptable and reasonable price of wate for personal andfamily.Every natural person has the right to water,the country or goverment has compellingobligation to safeguard citizens’ right to water.Right to water is not isolated,It is connectedwith the right to life, the right to health and a series of human rights.Countries should befully guarantee citizens’ water right.It is not just that the right to water belong to the humanrights, but also because it is a basic human right.The basic attribute of human rights has asufficient theoretical basis.The present status of the right to water in China is serious.Thereis a shortage of right to water, drinking water quality is poor, rural security, the difficulty ofaccess to safe drinking water.To solve these problems,Justice as the most important way toguarantee citizens’ right to water,Justice certainly plays a vital role.However, there are alsomany disadvantages of justice on protection of rights to water in our country,Mainlydisplays in:The guarantee to right to water is lack of adequate legal basis;lack of effectiverelief way;lack of legal authority;The court have technical deficiencies;Legal aid system isnot perfect. These deficiencies severely restricted the justice play a proper role on the rightto water.No remedies, no rights.To perfect the safeguard system of water right isimminent.To perfect the safeguard system of water right is not only necessary,andfeasible.The universal declaration of human rights,International convention on economic,social, and cultural rights,General comment no.15: the water rights, internationalconvention on economic, social and cultural rights article11and article12) has provide asolid legal foundation for judicial guarantee to water rights.South Africa and India providesthe basis of practice which can be used for reference for water right in judicial practice ofjudicial protection.Direct at the existence deficiency on the judicial safeguard of raght towater in our country. based on our actual and absorbed foreign experience.we can perfectthe judicial protection system of the raght to water from the following severalaspects.Perfecting the constitution, the law and local regulations.Provide sufficient legalbasis for the protection of water right.To perfect the judicial relief system,Establish andperfect the system of constitutional lawsuit in our country, administrative litigation systemand environmental public interest litigation system;Realize the judicial independence,strengthen the judicial review power, in order to set up the judicial authority;To perfect thelegal aid system, to ensure everyone has the ability to obtain the legal relief;Strengthen withthe international community,Make full use of the water rights of the treaty of theinternational, to promote the implementation of right to water in China.更多还原