【作者】 赵婷；

【导师】 张光星；

【作者基本信息】 山西农业大学 ， 蔬菜学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 为解决番茄规模化育苗中穴盘苗容易出现徒长,难以育成适龄壮苗的问题,本试验以“西兰九号”番茄为材料,以矮壮素(CCC)、缩节胺(Pix)和多效唑(PP333)三种植物生长延缓剂为试剂,对番茄穴盘苗进行叶面喷施处理,研究其对番茄植株形态发育、生理特性以及经济产量的影响,旨在了解番茄对这几种延缓剂的生理反应和形态变化,为其在番茄育苗生产中的应用提供理论支持和技术支持。试验用三种延缓剂水溶液对三叶一心期(4月1日)的番茄幼苗叶面进行喷施处理,一周后(4月8日)再喷一次,共喷施两次。每种延缓剂分别设3个处理水平,矮壮素浓度为100mg/L、200mg/L和300mg/L,缩节胺浓度为30mg/L、100mg/L和170mg/L,多效唑浓度为50mg/L、100mg/L和150mg/L,并设清水为对照(CK),共10个处理：每个处理重复三次,处理后番茄植株生长发育指标每周测试调查一次,共调查9周,产量指标全程记载计算。试验数据采取单因素完全随机试验进行统计分析。试验得到以下结果：1.三种植物生长延缓剂对番茄形态发育的影响延缓剂对番茄的株高、茎粗、节间长度、植株鲜重、干重等形态指标有显著影响,其中以CCC100mg/L、CCC200mg/L、Pix30mg/L和Pix100mg/L这4种处理抑制矮化效果最佳,不仅可在短期(2—3周)内抑制作用显著,而且经过4周后其抑制作用会自然解除,恢复正常；CCC300mg/L、Pix170mg/L和PP33350mg/L三个处理则表现次之；PP333100mg/L和PP333150mg/L表现更差。2.三种植物生长延缓剂对番茄光合特性的影响延缓剂对番茄苗的有效光合辐射、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度等指标有显著影响。其中以CCC200mg/L、CCC300mg/L、Pix170mg/L和PP33350mg/L的各项光合特性指标值较高,光合能力较强；Pix30mg/L、CCC100mg/L、Pix100mg/L、 PP333100mg/L处理的各项光合特性指标值次之；PP333150mg/L的光合特性指标较低,光合能力较弱。3.三种植物生长延缓剂对番茄生理活性的影响延缓剂处理后番茄叶片叶绿素含量、脯氨酸含量和S0D值呈先上升后下降趋势,且各浓度处理上升趋势都大于对照处理；叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量也都呈缓慢上升的趋势,说明其抗逆性增强,且各浓度处理上升趋势都小于对照处理。其中以CCC200mg/L、 CCC100mg/L、CCC300mg/L和Pix100mg/L这4个处理表现效果最佳；Pix30mg/L、 PP33350mg/L和PP333150mg/L表现次之；PP333150mg/L表现效果较差。4.三种植物生长延缓剂对番茄产量的影响延缓剂处理番茄幼苗对其产量有一定影响。CCC100mg/L、CCC200mg/L、CCC300mg/L、Pix30mg/L和Pix100mg/L这几个处理,可以使番茄增产；但Pix170mg/L、 PP33350mg/L、PP333100mg/L和PP333150mg/L这几个处理,反而使番茄产量比对照下降。综合上述结果得出：三种延缓剂中CCC100mg/L、CCC200mg/L、Pix30mg/L和Pix100mg/L的效果较佳,可应用于生产中。更多还原

【Abstract】 To resolve the problem of plant excessive growth and different to breeding age seedlings in the large-scale of tomato Plug seedling, with "xilan9hao" as the experimental material, with chlormequat chloride (CCC), mepiquat chloride (Pix), and Paclobutrazol (PP333) of three plant growth retardants as reagent, foliar spraying treatment was carried out on the tomato Plug seedling, morphological differentiation of tomato plants were studied, the physiological characteristics and the influence of economic output were studied, which was to understood several retardants on the physiological reaction and morphological changes of tomatoes,to provided theoretical support and technical support for its application in tomato seedling production.Three kinds of retardants solution were foliar sprayed on tomato seeding, that each kind of retardants were divided into3treatment levels. The concentration of CCC are100mg/L,200mg/L and300mg/L, the concentration of Pix are30mg/L,100mg/L and170mg/L,and the concentration of PP333are50mg/L,100mg/L and150mg/L,with water as control (CK). There are10treatment total,and each treatment repeated three times.The index of growth and development of tomato plants that after treatment was investigated once a week,and it lasts for9weeks,and the yield index was recorded and calculated through the whole process.The statistical analysis of test data was used single factor completely randomized.The test got the following results,1.The influnce of three kinds of plant growth retardants on morphological development of tomato.The influence of retardant on plant height, stem diameter, intemode length, plant fresh weight and dry weigh were significant.The CCC100mg/L, CCC200mg/L, Pix30mg/L and Pix100mg/L were best in inhibition of plant dwarf,not only in the short term (within2-3weeks) inhibiting effect significantly,and its would terminated after4weeks to got normal.The three treatments of CCC300mg/L,Pix170mg/L and PP33350mg/L were poorer,the PP333100mg/L and PP333150mg/L were worse.2.The influnce of three kinds of plant growth retardants on photosynthetic characteristics of tomato.The influence of retardant on tomato photosynthetic active radiation,net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2concentration were significant.The CCC200mg/L,CCC300mg/L,Pix170mg/L and PP33350mg/L were higher and the photosynthetic capacity was enhanced relatively.The Pix30mg/L, CCC100mg/L,Pix100mg/L and PP333100mg/L were lower and the photosynthetic capacity was decreased relatively.PP333150mg/L was the lowest and photosynthetic capacity was also weaked.3.The influnce of three kinds of plant growth retardants on physiological activity of tomato.Chlorophyll content,proline content and SOD activity that under three kinds of plant growth retardants were all increased at first and then was reduced,and the concentration treatment rose greater than CK treatment.Leaf relative conductivity and malondialdehyde content were also slowly going up illustrate its resistance increased,and the concentration treatment rose was less than CK treatment.The effect was bested prominent in CCC200mg/L,CCC100mg/L,CCC300mg/L and Pix100mg/L,then Pix30mg/L,PP33350mg/L and PP333150mg/L were took second place,and the PP333150mg/L had the poorested performance.4.The influence of three kinds of plant growth retardants on tomato yield.Retardant processing tomato seedlings had certain influence on the yield.The treatments of CCC100mg/L,CCC200mg/L,CCC300mg/L,Pix30mg/L and Pix100mg/L could improved tomato production.However,compared with the CK,Pix170mg/L,PP33350mg/L,PP333100mg/L and PP333150mg/L all made production decreased.In conclusion the results can be obtained,CCC100mg/L,CCC200mg/L, Pix30mg/L and Pix100mg/L were better than other treatments,we can use them for production.更多还原