【作者】 张杰；

【导师】 韩雪峰； 彭中波；

【作者基本信息】 重庆交通大学 ， 载运工具运用工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 船舶管道处在恶劣的工作环境之下，主机和辅机等服务的管系受到高温高压的作用，因此堵塞和泄漏等类型的故障时有发生，这严重地影响着设备的安全运转和船舶的安全航行。对船舶管系进行故障监控有着重要的现实意义：一方面能够保障设备的安全运行，减轻船员的劳动强度；另一方面可以提高船舶的运营效率，对于水域环境的保护也有重要的现实意义。为了解决目前船舶管系故障无法及时检测及准确定位的问题，本文通过查阅相关文献，提出了以超声波技术为基础，借助于超声波表面波对管道故障进行检测和纵波对管道故障进行定位，采用流量平衡法修正提高管系故障的检测准确度，建立超声波与流量平衡联合法模型，搭建船舶管系故障检测实验平台，模拟实际船舶管系正常运行及发生故障时的状况，对实验数据进行采集分析和处理。本文主要研究内容有如下几点：1．介绍船舶管系故障检测与定位系统的研究现状和现有检测方法；分析船舶管系故障发生原因和机理，结合船舶管系故障检测的要求，确定本项目采用的船舶管系故障检测方法，即采用超声波法和流量平衡联合法相结合的方法实现船舶管系泄漏检测及准确定位。2．根据超声波检测的物理性质与应用特性，选择合适的电路元器件，设计合适的电路方案，自主研制适用于本系统的超声波换能器，采用CCS软件对系统芯片进行调试，在实验管道上安装并测试系统。3.借助LabVIEW软件开发船舶管系故障检测与定位系统的软件，设计检测界面和后台监控程序，并与实船监控软件相融合。4.搭建以压力传感器、超声波流量计和数据采集卡为硬件基础的船舶管系故障智能实时监控模拟实验检测平台，采集船舶管系故障模拟信号，对设计的实验系统进行模拟验证，完成船舶管系故障检测的模拟实验系统设计。本文的创新点在两个方面：1．本文首次提出了对管道堵塞故障的检验和定位方法，提出了保护管系的具体措施，这是以往的管道泄漏检测系统所没有的，从根本上部分地解决了管道泄漏的问题，这种思想可以推广到所有的管道泄漏检测系统中应用。2．本文对实验室的管道故障检测系统应用加以推广并和船舶机舱监控系统相融合，有效地推进了本实验系统从实验室走向实船，为今后的推广工作奠定了一定的基础。更多还原

【Abstract】 Ship pipelines are always under extremely bad working conditions. They aredamaged by intense vibration and the corrosion caused by moisture year after year andthose serve the main engine and auxiliary engine are also impaired by high temperatureand pressure. Therefore, breakdowns such as blockage and leakage occur frequently andthus the safety of the equipment operation and the ship navigation cannot be ensured.The monitoring of the breakdowns of ship pipelines has important significances: on theone hand, it can guarantee the safety of the equipment operation and consequently thelabour intensity of the crew is reduced; on the other hand, the operation efficiency of theship is improved and the water environment is protected accordingly.At present, breakdowns of ship pipelines cannot be timely detected and accuratelylocated. In order to solve this problem, this thesis puts forward that breakdowns can bedetected by the surface waves of the ultrasonic and located by the longitudinal waves ofthe ultrasonic. Flow equilibrium method is utilized to improve the accuracy of thedetection. An ultrasonic combined with flow equilibrium method model and anexperimental platform to detect the breakdowns of ship pipelines are established. Thenormal condition and fault condition of ship pipelines are simulated. Experimental dataare collected, analyzed and processed.The main research contents of this thesis are as follows:1. The current researches of the detection and location system of ship pipelinebreakdowns and existing detection methods are introduced; the reasons and mechanismsof the occurrences of ship pipeline breakdowns are analyzed; detection methodemployed in this project, the ultrasonic combined with flow equilibrium method, iscreated on the basis of requirements for ship pipeline breakdowns detection.2. In the light of the physical properties and the application qualities of theultrasonic detection method, proper circuit components are chosen, an appropriatecircuit is devised, a self-developed transducer suitable for this system is created, CCSsoftware is employed to debug the system-on-chip, the system is installed on theexperimental pipelines and then tested.3. With the help of the LabVIEW software, a software for detecting and locatingship pipeline breakdowns is developed, the detection interface and the backgroundmonitoring program are designed and integrated with the monitoring program inpractical use. 4. An experimental detection platform to monitor ship pipeline breakdowns in realtime, whose hardwares are pressure sensors, ultrasonic flowmeters and data acquisitioncards, is created. Then analog signals of ship pipeline breakdowns are collected, theexperimental system for detecting ship pipeline breakdowns is completed and asimulative verification of the system is done subsequently.Innovative ideas proposed in this thesis are as follows:1. In this thesis, not only methods for detecting and locating pipeline breakdownsbut also specific measures for protecting pipelines are put forward. Consequently,pipeline leakage problems are partly but fundamentally solved. The methods can beapplied to all pipeline leakage detecting systems.2. This research generalizes the experimental pipeline breakdowns detectingsystem and combines it with the monitoring system in ship engine room, thus thisexperimental system is effectively impelled to be suitable for practical use.更多还原