【作者】 刘玲；

【导师】 李广雪； 董贺平；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 地质工程， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 黄河三角洲是胜利油田和东营市的所在地,加强对黄河口古河道及三角洲叶瓣演变的研究,有助于油田开发、工农业生产和地质灾害的防治等工作的开展。1964年黄河人工爆破由神仙沟流路改行钓口流路,到1976年改道清水沟流路使该河道废弃。本文利用多年的遥感影像、水深数据等资料,对1964年至今的钓口叶瓣岸线、河道、潮沟和水下三角洲的演化过程进行分析,综合研究黄河三角洲钓口叶瓣的演化规律,完善对三角洲叶瓣演化规律的认识。本文从遥感假彩色合成影像上提取了钓口流路28年的古河道、潮沟与低潮线。低潮线是陆上三角洲和水下三角洲的分界线,故采用低潮线为钓口叶瓣岸线来进行统计分析。通过对岸线间距离和面积变化规律的研究,将钓口叶瓣岸线演变分为1964年汛期是填湾取直阶段、1964年到1976年快速淤进阶段、1976年到1987年快速蚀退阶段、1987年到2011年进入相对稳定的缓慢蚀退阶段、最后的阶段各年间岸线时进时退略有往复,总体趋势为蚀退。将1964年到1976年钓口流路行水河道演变划分为5个阶段：1964年汛期为漫流海湾充填阶段,河道形态各异,水流滩槽散乱多变,心滩密集；1965年归股、河口突出阶段,河道数量相对1964年减少,归为主要的几股；1966年到1972年单一顺直阶段,所有分散的小河道断流,统合为一条主河道；1972年到1976年决口分叉阶段,主河道由于泥沙的淤积,被迫在弯道处决口分出支流；1976年河道废弃阶段,人工改道水沙供给停止,潮沟发育。根据多年实测水深数据,对钓口叶瓣水下三角洲平均水深和冲淤量进行计算和演变过程进行分析,将水下三角洲演变划分为五个阶段：1964年到1976年行水期水下三角洲快速堆积阶段,水深快速变浅,坡度变大,水下三角洲发生大规模淤积；1976年到1980年废弃初期快速冲刷阶段,水深加深较快,坡度略为减缓,水下三角洲被侵蚀速率较快；1980年到1989年缓慢冲刷阶段,水下三角洲被侵蚀速率减缓；1989年到1999年冲淤相对稳定阶段,冲淤量基本相等；1999年到2009年继续侵蚀阶段,侵蚀速度相对上一阶段有所增加。更多还原

【Abstract】 The Yellow River Delta is the seat of Shengli Oilfield and Dongying City.The strengthend study of the evolution of the ancient chanel and lobe in Yellow River Delta helps oilfield development, industial and agricultural production, and the prevention and contol of geological disasters. In this paper, many years of remote sensing, bathymetric data and other information, through the analysis of the migration from Shenxiangou Chanel to Diaokou Chanel in1964by an artificial break-through, abandoning the Diaokou Chanel in1976by diverting to Qignshuigou Chanel, include the evolution of the present Diaokou lobe shoreline, chanel,tidal creek and submerged delta. Then carry out comrehensive study of the evolution of the Diaokou Lobe in the Yellow River Delta and perfect the knowlegde of the evolution of delta lobes.Through remote sensing image false color composite images, interpretation extraction28years in the ancient river channel, tidal creek and low tide line.since the low tide line is the dividing line of the onshore delta and subaqueous delta, we use the low tide line as the Diaokou Lobe shoreline when doing statistical analysis.There were5stages in the Diaokou Lobe evolution due to study of the distance and area of shorelines:the flood season of1964is the straightening stage;1964-1976, the rapid depositing stage;1976-1987, rapid withdrawal erosion;1987-2011, the relatively slow retrogradation stage. During the final stage, the shoreline could move slightly back and forth in each year, but the overall trend is backward erosion.The Diaokou chanel evolution was divided into five stages from1964to1976: flood season in1964is the overland flows Gulf filling stage, there were different channel morphology, scattered and varied swale; rivers converged in1976, in which the number of river decreased and converged to a few major shares relative to the year of1964;1966-1972, a single straight stage,in which all scattered small river courses and integrate to a main channel;1972-1976,crevasse bifurcation phase, branch burst at the curve of the main chanel due to sediment deposition; abandoned river stage in 1976, in which artificial diversions of water and sediment supply stopped and then tidal creek developed.According to the measured water depth data for many years, the Diaokou lobes subaqueous delta volume to calculate average water depth and sediment and evolution were analyzed, and the evolution of underwater delta was divided into five stages:1964-1976, the line rapid accumulation phase, in which time water phase of the underwater delta depth quickly becomes shallow, slope changed, and a massive underwater delta deposited;1976-1980was the abandoned early rapid flushing stage, water depth deepening faster, sloping got slightly changed, and subaqueous delta eroded rate became faster;1980-1989was a slow erosion stage, the subaqueous delta eroded rate became slower;1989-1999, relatively stable stage, the amount of scouring and silting in sediment was basically equal;1999-2009, during this stage the erosion continous, the erosion velocity increased compares to the last stage.更多还原