【作者】 李晶；

【导师】 王荭；

【作者基本信息】 中国海洋大学 ， 会计（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 上市商业银行的盈利能力是银行赖以生存发展的物质基础。在经历了2006年我国金融业对外资银行全面开放和2008年金融危机的冲击之后，商业银行目前正在从注重资本规模的传统粗放型扩张模式向注重风险控制、经营效益和资产质量的集约型增长方式转变，其经营管理的目标也从单纯的规模的增长转向了银行的价值最大化方面。因此，如何评价银行的盈利能力是否实现了银行价值最大化和增加了股东财富成为目前我国上市商业银行的投资者和管理者亟待关注的问题。经济增加值(EVA)是20世纪80年代美国思腾思特管理公司提出并已经被广泛运用的新型财务评价指标，相对于现行会计准则下计算出来的会计利润，EVA成功的引入资本成本的概念，同时通过对相关科目的会计调整来修正会计准则对利润存在的潜在误差和扭曲，能够克服通过净利润衡量商业银行盈利能力的缺陷，帮助商业银行正确评价自身的盈利能力，树立资本成本意识，因此，本文以EVA指标为导向，进一步修正以会计利润为核心的传统财务指标体系,构建一个以传统盈利能力评价指标为基础，以EVA相关指标为核心的盈利能力评价体系，从而全面的评价商业银行的盈利能力。本文主要采取了理论研究和应用分析相结合的方法。在理论研究方面，本文首先介绍了商业银行的盈利模式、概念、相关的评价内容和指标体系，商业银行盈利能力的内涵，并对传统的盈利能力评价指标进行分析，指出其存在的缺陷是忽略资本成本了和相关风险因素，因此无法将经营者的利益与银行价值最大化、股东财富最大化相联系。在此基础上引进了EVA理论，系统介绍了EVA的一般概念、理论基础、计算公式、会计调整原则和调整项目，然后利用EVA的评价指标,并结合商业银行实际确定了其税后净经营利润、资本总额、资本成本率的计算方法，探索构建了上市商业银行盈利能力评价体系，从理论上与传统的盈利能力评价指标进行比较分析。在应用分析方面，本文以我国16家上市商业银行2009年至2011年的相关数据为样本数据，结合构建的以EVA为基础的商业银行盈利能力评价体系为基础，计算出各商业银行的相关评价指标进行总体分析。同时将以EVA为导向修正后的相关评价指标值与传统的盈利能力评价指标进行对比分析，反映出以EVA为基础的商业银行盈利能力评价指标由于考虑了全部资本成本，更能反映银行真实的盈利能力。最后提出了在EVA评价体系下提高我国上市商业银行盈利能力的意见和建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 The profitability is the material basis of listed commercial banks to survive anddevelopment. On the impact of bank business fully opening to foreign banks in2006and the financial crisis from2008, commercial banks are shifting from extensiveexpanding pattern which focus on capital scale to intensive growing pattern whichfocus on risk control, management efficiency and quality of assets, and then the goalsof operation and management also change from purely scale raising to maximizationof banks’ value. Therefore, it is an important issue for the investor and manager oflisted banks to assess whether the profitability of banks realize the maximization ofbanks’ value and increase the property of shareholders.Economic Value Added (EVA) was created by US Stern Stewart&Co in the1980s, and now have been an extensive used financial assessment index. Comparingthe account profit calculated according to current accounting principles, EVAsuccessfully introduce the concept of capital cost, and amend the potential error anddistortion of profit in current accounting systems by adjusting some relativeaccounting items, so as to overcome the default of net profit when measuring theprofitability of banks, and then to help commercial banks correctly assess theirprofitability and foster the idea of capital cost. Therefore, with EVA as guide, thisarticle further amend the traditional financial index system whose core is accountingprofit, and establish a profitability assessment mode with traditional index as basisand some relative index of EVA as core, so as to comprehensively assess theprofitability of banks.This article adopts the combined method of theoretical study and appliedanalysis. In terms of theoretical study, this article firstly introduces the mode, concept,relative assessment and index system of profitability as well as connotation of bank’sprofitability, then analyze the traditional profitability assessment index, and points outthat the traditional index ignore capital cost and relative risk factors so as to can notintegrate benefit of operator, maximization of bank value and shareholder’s property.On the basis of the above, this article introduces the theory of EVA, andsystematically states the general concept, theoretical base, calculation formula, theprinciple and items of accounting adjustments, and then combines the EVA index andthe real condition of commercial banks to confirm the calculation method of net profitafter tax, capital sum, capital cost rate, and then establish the profitability assessmentmode of listed commercial banks to make comparison with traditional indextheoretically. In terms of applied analysis, this article uses the relative data of16listedbanks from2009to2011as the sample data, establish commercial bank profitabilityassessment system on the basis of EVA to calculate relative index and make generalanalysis. At the same time, this article compares the new index with traditional ones,and gets the conclusion that the new assessment index can reflect the real profitability owing to consideration of all capital cost. At last, this article proposes the suggestionof improving the profitability of listed commercial banks.更多还原