【作者】 潘颖；

【导师】 于海波；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 课程与教学论， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 我国公民的科学素养距发达国家仍有一定差距，终身学习的观念与习惯尚未普及。多年来，学校教育担当着提高公民知识文化水平的重任，然而随着时间的推移其不足日益显现，如抽象的理论知识找不到现实支撑、学生毕业后学习习惯的遗失等等。近年来，非正式学习开始走入人们视野，它内容来源于生活中真实的问题情境，由学习者自我发起、推进。不同于正式学习获得的高位知识，自下而上的学习方式利于知识的意义建构，降低了教材理解的难度；该过程中培养的持续学习、思考的习惯和能力很好的弥补了课堂教学的缺陷，与学校中的正式学习共同构成了完整的学习系统。本文运用文献研究法，对非正式科学学习的内涵、外延、价值、影响因素、与正式学习的关系等方面梳理的基础上，对高中生非正式科学学习进行了更深入的理论探讨，并设计出调查高中生非正式科学学习的问卷和访谈提纲，对高中生非正式科学学习的现状、影响因素以及展望等三个方面展开调查研究，以求从学生的视角展现非正式科学学习的原貌，发掘其中存在的问题及今后努力的方向。调查结果显示，家长、老师普遍不重视、学生学业负担过重、学生话语权沦丧、非正式科学学习疏于指导、资源配备不齐全、资源使用成本过高等，是当下高中生不能顺利开展非正式科学学习的主要症结。针对问题之所在，本文提出了转变教师、家长的学习观，改革对学生的评价方式，加强非正式科学学习组织与资源的建设，提升学生话语权，沟通正式学习与非正式学习等具体措施，以期促进高中生非正式科学学习的开展，实现终身学习能力的形成。更多还原

【Abstract】 According to the survey, the idea of learning through the whole life has not been spread in China, and has a long way to go compared with other developed countries. For years, school education has the responsibility of improving citizens’literacy, however, it requires a long time to work. For example, there is no foundation for abstract knowledge, and graduated students may lose their habits of learning. Recently, informal learning has attracted attention, since it comes from real life, sponsored and developed by learners. Very different from formal learning, which is kind of abstract learning style, it is significant for learners to construct the meaning of knowledge and reduce difficulty of textbook. Furthermore, the whole process can compensate the weakness of school teaching. It is combined with school teaching to constitute the whole learning system.Using literature research, this paper focuses on the connotation, extension, value of informal learning, then discusses them deeply, and investigate the status and factors among high school students with the survey in order to exhibit the original appearance, discover the problems and find solutions.Surveys show that students are not able to begin informal learning because of the overlooking of parents and teachers, academic burden of students, no rights of students, lack of guidance and resources on the informal learning, high cost of informal science learning at present. For these problems, we propose the corresponding solutions to enhance the development of informal learning and finally realize the students’ability of informal learning throughout the life. They include the new evaluating system for the students and teachers, more sources of informal learning, more rights for students on this.更多还原