毒品目录与分级制度的比较研究

【作者】 杨洁；

【导师】 周建军；

【作者基本信息】 昆明理工大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 毒品是认定毒品犯罪的前提和基础,毒品犯罪的认定和量刑依赖于毒品目录与分级制度。对毒品目录与分级制度进行研究,能更好地为我国的毒品犯罪奠定行政法基础。为此,本文针对毒品目录与分级制度从以下几个方面进行阐述：本文首先分析了毒品目录、毒品分级制度的概念及与毒品犯罪之间的关系。通过对比港澳台地区、英美法系国家以及大陆法系国家的毒品目录与分级制度的研究发现,这些地区和国家的毒品目录与分级制度存在以下特点：第一,对毒品的定义简单明确,可操作性强；第二,毒品目录更新较快,如台湾、美国；第三,毒品分级制度的完整性,如美国、新西兰；第四,多数国家不忽视软性毒品在法律上的管控,软性毒品依然是各国法律意义上的毒品；第五,多数国家对硬毒品海洛因的态度都比较强硬；第六,大麻在不同法系国家中的毒品级别不一,值得思考；第七,增加麻醉药品制剂和精神药品制剂中毒品含量的规定；第八,建立毒品分级制度。其次通过分析发现我国目前的毒品目录与分级制度存在诸多问题：第一,我国对毒品的法律定义不够明确,使得对毒品犯罪案件难以准确地定性；第二,毒品目录更新缓慢,已经远远跟不上全球毒品种类的扩张；第三,关于麻醉药品制剂和精神药品制剂毒品成分定量规定的法律效力不高；第四,我国并没有毒品分级制度,以至于我国在毒品犯罪的法定刑方面没有体现不同毒品的特点。最后在借鉴国外一些先进的做法以及结合我国实际情况,本文建议可以从以下几个方面进行完善：第一,明确毒品的法律定义,可以直接表明毒品即是规定在本法附表上的药物或者是在某行政法规上的药物；第二,加快毒品目录的更新速度,由国务院药品监督管理部门会同国务院公安部门、国务院卫生主管部门定期检讨予以增减；第三,在毒品目录中增加麻醉药品制剂和精神药品制剂毒品成分的定量规定；第四,建立我国的毒品分级制度。而我国毒品分级制度又可以从以下几点建立：第一,借鉴其他国家的共通之处以及结合我国的毒情在毒品目录中分级；第二,相关行政法规的修改,如《麻醉药品和精神药品管理条例》；第三,相关刑事法规的修改,包括毒品犯罪的刑罚变革以及进一步明确毒品犯罪的追诉和量刑标准。更多还原

【Abstract】 Drugs are identified identification and sentencing of the premise and basis of drug-related crimes,drug crimes depends on the drug catalog and classification system. Catalog of drugs classification system to better serve China’s drug-related crimes has laid the basis of administrative law.To this end, this paper,the drug directory with the classification system from the following aspects described:This paper analyzes the drug directory,the relationship between the concept of drug classification system and drug-related crimes.By comparing Hong Kong,Macao and Taiwan regions,the drug directory with the classification system of the common law countries and civil law countries,found that these regional and national drug directory with the classification system of the following characteristics:Firstly,a simple and clear definition of drugs, operability;Secondly,drug directory update faster,such as Taiwan,the United States;thirdly,the integrity of the drug classification system,such as the United States,New Zealand;Fourthly,most countries do not ignore the soft drugs legal control,soft sex drugs are still drugs in the countries in the legal sense;Fifthly,the attitude of most countries of hard drugs heroin are relatively tough;Sixthly,different levels of cannabis drug in countries with different legal systems,it is worth thinking;Seventhly,the increase of the provisions of the drug content in the form of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs; Eighthly,the establishment of the drug classification system.Followed by analysis found that China’s current drug directory classification system, there are many problems:Firstly,China’s legal definition of drugs is not clear enough,making difficult to accurately qualitative drug-related criminal cases; Secondly, drugs catalog updates slow,has gone far with not on the global expansion of the types of drugs;Thirdly,the legal effect of the provisions on the form of narcotic drugs and psychotropic drugs drug ingredients quantitative;Fourthly,China’s drug classification system,so that in the legal punishment of drug-related crimes in China reflect the different characteristics of the drug.Finally,learn from foreign advanced practices, as well as China’s actual situation,this article suggests can be refined from the following aspects:Firstly,a clear legal definition of drug directly show that the drug is a drug specified in the Schedule of this Act or drugs in certain administrative regulations; Secondly,speed up the directory update rate of the drug by drug supervision and administration department of the State Council in conjunction with the public security department of the State Council,the State Council health authorities are reviewed regularly to increase or decrease;Thirdly,an increase in the drug catalog Narcotic Drugs preparations and psychotropic drugs drug component of the quantitative requirements;Fourthly,the establishment of China’s drug classification system.China’s drug classification system can be established from the following points:Firstly,learn from other countries in common as well as a combination of narcotics in drug directory grading; Secondly,administrative regulations modifications, such as "Narcotic Drugs and spirit Drugs Act; the criminal statutes modifications,including drug-related criminal penalties change and to further clarify the drug-related criminal prosecution and sentencing standards.更多还原