【作者】 陈惠芳；

【导师】 李艳；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 土地资源管理， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着我国经济、社会的快速发展,人口的迅速增长,耕地资源数量减少质量降低已逐渐成为目前最突出的问题之一。对耕地质量的保护不仅关系到我国的粮食安全,而且事关我国经济社会可持续发展、社会稳定以及生态环境保护。耕地质量评价则可以为合理利用耕地,保障粮食安全和社会经济与环境可持续发展提供科学依据,具有重要意义。本文选择浙江省富阳市为研究区,首先,构建压力-状态-响应(P-S-R)模型,基于遥感影像数据提取P-S-R框架下的耕地质量评价指标,形成评价指标专题图,利用线型内插方法对指标进行分级赋值,利用层次分析法确定指标权重,利用GIS空间分析方法进行耕地质量评价研究；然后,参照《全国耕地地力调查与质量评价技术规程》选择评价指标体系,基于GIS技术,将土壤类型图和土地利用类型图进行叠置划分评价单元,利用特尔斐法和层次分析法确定评价指标和权重,利用模糊综合评价模型对研究区耕地进行了评价；比较两种方法的评价结果,探讨了基于P-S-R模型和RS技术进行耕地质量评价的可行性、及其在减少评价指标获取和评价工作任务量方面的有效性。最后,基于富阳市耕地质量分等成果,综合利用线性模型、模糊聚类和GIS分析等方法进行耕地产能核算和管理分区研究,得到耕地产能的空间分异规律和管理分区图,探讨了对不同分区实施耕地质量提升和优化管理的措施。取得的结果如下概述：(1)基于P-S-R模型和RS技术,从耕地生产压力、耕地状态以及耕地综合质量三个方面选取了坡度(Slope)、重金属指数(HMI)、退化指数(RVI)、土壤植被指数(NDVI)、土壤湿度指数(DVI)、土壤肥力指数(SFI)、土地利用类型指数(LUI)等指标对富阳市耕地质量进行了评价。根据综合质量评价结果,富阳市耕地分为四个等级,一等耕地(质量最好)占21.65%,集中分布于中部丘陵区及河谷平原区；二等耕地占34.44%,分布较分散,大部分分布于中部丘陵及河谷平原区；三等耕地占23.08%,较多分布于山区及城镇工矿用地周围；四等耕地占20.82%,质量最差,主要分布于山区。(2)根据农业部颁布的方法体系,基于GIS技术确定评价单元,从立地条件、化学性状、物理性状和土壤管理等4个方面16个指标建立富阳市耕地质量评价指标体系,利用特尔斐法和层次分析法确定评价指标和权重,利用模糊综合评判法对富阳市耕地质量进行评价。通过对两种评价方法得到的成果从方法、指标和结果上对比分析,发现两者评价结果趋势一致。由此得出,在耕地质量评价中,融入RS技术,具有可行性,其优势性较明显：从遥感影像中直接获取评价指标方便快捷,节省了大量的人力、物力、财力；直接以栅格单元作为评价单元不仅快速简便,而且能提高评价精度。(3)根据耕地质量分等成果、野外调查样点数据以及统计部门提供的年鉴数据等数据,通过建立不同层次的产能核算模型,测算富阳市理论产能、可实现产能,从数量和空间上全面掌握耕地产能状况。结果表明：富阳市可实现产能是实际产能的1.91倍；可实现产能总潜力为95130.33吨,说明富阳市产能存在较大的提升和发展潜力。在产能核算基础上,通过模糊聚类分析研究,得到富阳市耕地优化管理分区结果。按分区生产管理的特点,将全市划分为四大管理区域：核心提升区、优化建设区、发展保护区和持续保养区。以分区结果为基准,将基于P-S-R模型和RS技术的耕地质量评价结果与分区结果进行比较,进一步验证了基于P-S-R模型和RS技术耕地质量评价的可行性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of China’s economy, society, and the rapid growth of the population, the decrease in amount and quality of the cultivated land has gradually become one of the most prominent contradictions. Protection of cultivated land quality is not only related to the food security of our country, but also has importance to China’s sustainable economic development, social stability, and protection of the ecological environment. Cultivated land quality evaluation can provide a scientific basis for achieving rational use of cultivated land, ensuring food security, socio-economic and environmental sustainability for the study area.The paper takes Fuyang City, Zhejiang province as the study area. First of all, cultivated land quality evaluation research is studied based on P-S-R model:extract the evaluation indicators from remote sensing image and acquire evaluation thematic maps; use the linear interpolation method grade indicators; use AHP method to determine the index weights; and use GIS spatial analysis methods make the cultivated land quality evaluation study. And then evaluate the cultivated land quality based on GIS as follows:select the evaluation index systems with reference to the national farmland fertility survey and quality evaluation of technical procedures;divide evaluation unit by superimposing soil type map and land use map; determine the weights by Delphi method and AHP method; make the cultivated land quality evaluation by fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Explore the feasibility, the pros and cons of the assessment based on RS by comparing the results obtained by these two methods. At last, productivity accounting is completed by the method of linear model, fuzzy clustering and GIS analysis, based on grading results of the cultivated land in Fuyang City. Meanwhile, zoning for optimal management is studied to explore the spatial difference of the study area, the soil management measures by the zoning results. The study results as follows:1. Get cultivated land quality evaluation results from three aspects of farmland production pressure, farmland status and comprehensive quality of cultivated land based on P-S-R model and RS technology. Select seven index of the slope, heavy metals index (HMI), degradation index (RVI), the soil vegetation index (NDVI), soil moisture index (DVI), soil fertility index (SFI), the type of land use index (LUI) to make the evaluation. The research separated the cultivated land into4ranks. The proportion of class1is21.65%, it has the best quality and mainly distributes in middle hilly area and valley plains. Class2, which proportion is34.44%, mainly distributes in middle hilly area and valley plains. Class3mainly distributes around the mountains and urban industrial land and the proportion is23.08%. Most class4which proportion is20.82%, distributes in the mountainous area.2. According to the methodology promulgated by the Ministry of Agriculture, evaluate the cultivated land quality by determining the evaluation unit, establishing the index system from the four aspects of the site conditions, chemical properties, physical properties and soil management, determining the weights by Delphi method and AHP method, using the method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. Comparing two kinds of assessment methods based on RS and GIS from the method, index and result, the comparing result showed that both evaluation results have consistent trend. Therefore, applying RS into assessment, the feasibility and the advantage is obvious:the RS technology not only could supply basic information, saving a lot of manpower, material and financial resources, but also be as a direct method to get indicator information; take the grid cells as the evaluation unit is not only fast and easy, but also improve the accuracy of evaluation.3. According to the quality of cultivated land grading results, the field survey sample point data and the yearbook data from statistical departments, by establishing different levels of capacity accounting model, estimate the theoretical productivity and realizable productivity of Fuyang City to have a comprehensive understanding of the amount and spatial distribution of cultivated land productivity. The results show that:Fuyang City realizable productivity is1.91times the actual capacity; total potential capacity of95,130.33tons. Therefore, there is a big upgrade and development potential capacity for Fuyang City. By fuzzy clustering analysis, get zoning result for optimal management based on productivity accounting. And according to the production management characteristics of each zone, the Fuyang City is divided into four management areas:enhancing core zone, optimization and developing zone, protection and developing zone, sustainable zone. Based on partition results, comparing the result of cultivated land quality evaluation based on RS and the result of zoning for optimal management, the comparing result further confirmed the feasibility of cultivated land quality evaluation based on RS.更多还原