【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 钟涨宝；

【作者基本信息】 华中农业大学 ， 社会学， 2013， 硕士

【副题名】基于山东燕村的调查

【摘要】 当前学界对于养老文化的研究越来越重视,养老文化逐步被社会学者采纳用于诠释、研究养老问题。本研究以山东某一农村为例,综合运用社会学、人类学等多学科的研究视角,基于实地田野调查访谈、问卷等相关资料,详细描述该村近一个世纪以来的村庄社会变迁与村庄养老文化变迁,以时间为序列描述村庄政治、经济社会状况以及村庄养老状况,关于养老文化主要从养老观、养老价值观、村庄养老规范考察,进而探讨村庄养老文化的内容变迁、养老文化演变的逻辑、作用机制。主要研究结论如下：村庄养老文化变迁与村庄社会变迁基本同步,村庄养老文化的变与不变受村庄社会的影响很大,对于“小传统养老文化”的形成与变迁离不开对于村庄社会的外在约束环境的考证。对村庄养老文化进行研究,不仅有助于对当前农村养老的解读,也有助于完善、构建我国的新型养老文化制度,促进农村养老问题更好的解决。1949年建国前燕村,在地方治理、经济社会外在因素的约束下,大传统养老文化吸收村庄地方性养老共识之后,形成了村庄地方性的养老文化特征：“养儿防老”依赖儿子养老的养老观,延续着尊老敬老的养老价值观,并有着村庄社区情理的村庄养老非正式制度规范。建国后大集体时代,受集体化国家政策等综合因素影响,传统的村庄社会结构因素也在变化,养老文化既延续了村庄传统的养老文化,也有着集体时代的特征,村干部逐渐替代族长,处理家庭纠纷,这一阶段的村庄养老规范兼具国家意志的正式制度规范和基于村庄共识的传统非正式养老制度规范的复合主义色彩。改革开放所产生的社会转型及现代化进程,推动人们逐步走向“现代化生活”,村庄传统养老文化向新型养老文化的嬗变进程加快,尊老价值观嬗变,老人的养老质量“重物质、轻精神”,“孝”的嬗变中内涵更为合理,传统养老文化中的“养儿防老”逻辑逐步理性化,村庄社区舆论逐渐沉默,养老内化为家庭事件,同时表现出新型现代化的养老代际性别分工意识,以及对社会化养老的养老态度的认可、诉求,推动着新型村庄养老文化的孕育。研究在以上结论的基础上,从村庄社会—文化调适互构关系角度,探讨了如何构建新型养老文化的路径,并提出了本研究的研究展望和具体研究不足。更多还原

【Abstract】 The culture of rural provision for the elderly is being explained and studied by sociologists step by step, and increasing importance is being attached to this culture in the academic community. Take one village in Shandong as an example, this study gives description to the relation between social transition and the development of the culture of provision for the elderly during the past one hundred years or so by applying perspectives of sociology and anthropology. Based on materials collected from deep interviews in field study and questionnaire survey, the author describes the social transition of the village and the culture transition concerning to provision for the elderly, the later of which includes three aspects, namely, people’s view, value and the villagers’ view on supporting rural elderly. Then the author further discusses the development, the logic and mechanism of the culture of provision for the elderly in rural villages..Main conclusions of this study are as follows:The transition of the culture of provision for the elderly in rural villages goes synchronously with social transition in rural villages, and the later lays great influence on the former. The formation and development of traditional provision culture was closely connected with social environment. Therefore, studies on the culture of provision for rural elderly are helpful to both a better interpretation of rural provision culture and the construction of China’s new system to support rural elderly so that problems concerning to support rural elderly can be better solved.Before the year of1949, under political, economic and social restrictions, Classic traditional endowment culture absorbed local common view of how to provide for the aged, then, local culture of provision for the elderly formed. The notion of "bring up children for the purpose of being looked after in old age" had for quite a long time dominated rural people’s minds, i.e., children were brought up to take care of and respect their elderly parents. This is actually village community sense of the village endowment specification. After the foundation of PRC, rural villages were largely influenced by national policies, which brought changes to traditional rural society structures and the culture of provision for the elderly as well. New culture of provision for the elderly passed on traditional factors and shows characteristics of the collective times. The village cadre Gradually replace familys’patriarch, To deal with family disputes, Pension specification of this stage, both on behalf of the will of the state official system specification and based on the traditional norms of village consensus. The process of social modernization after1978drived people and the culture of rural provision for the elderly to move with a faster step towards a modern life, during which the notion of "respecting the elderly" also changed. Nowadays, more attention is given to material than spirit in supporting the elderly and the meanings of "Xiao" is getting more reasonable. Rural people are getting increasingly rationalized about having their children to support their later life, Village public opinion gradually quiet, the pension internalize to Family Affair, at the same time Endowment of gender division of labor began to appear, and the attitude social providing for the aged gain acceptance, all these drive The new endowment culture to be born.On the basis of conclusions made above and by focusing on the relation between rural society and culture, the last part of this paper discusses how to construct new patterns of culture in supporting the elderly, and then further puts forward the shortcomings of this study and its future plan.更多还原