【作者】 刘佳佳；

【导师】 楚军；

【作者基本信息】 电子科技大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2013， 硕士

【副题名】以杨宪益英译本《红楼梦》为例

【摘要】 多义性的研究起源于20世纪80年代早期阶段。空间词多义性的研究在认知语言学的研究中起着基础性作用。认知语言学认为，一个词的各个义项组成一个语义范畴，这个范畴以词的中心意义为原型，随着语言的使用和发展，中心意义向外延伸，扩展为其他意义，这些看似无关却紧密相连的意义便构成了词汇的语义网络。词语原型意义的形成和延伸的义项是人类认知范畴化的结果。意象图式是人的认知作用于客观世界而获得的结构。人类按照原型意象图式产生了该词的原型意义，意象图式间的转换构成了意象图式变体。意象图式变体在空间域上再产生其他空间义项，空间意象图式又通过隐喻映射扩展为一系列用于不同认知域的隐喻义项。总之，意象图式是空间词语义形成和延伸的基础。“意象图式作为人类共同的认知特点，是人类共同的认知规律，我们应该从跨语言跨文化的角度进行研究[1]”。本论文的目的是研究over作为一个空间词的意象图式、隐喻意义及跨语言映射规律，是一项基于杨宪益的英译本《红楼梦》语料库的研究。本文将over置于一个完整的语篇中进行分析，解决了以往的研究中对于over举例的随意性。本篇论文通过语料库中的1408条含有over的语句作为有效数据，分析出over的五类空间意义及其语义链，并尝试性地构建起有关over的较为完整的语义网络。经过定量和定性分析方位词over的语义扩展过程，以及构建语义网络，本论文证实了方位词over是以空间原型意义为核心，通过原型意象图式的意象图式变体和隐喻映射到其他认知域，形成了以空间原型意义为核心的向外拓展的语义网络。在研究了英译本《红楼梦》中over语义的基础上，本文又尝试以意象图式理论为依据，以曹雪芹《红楼梦》原著[2]及杨宪益英译本A Dream of Red Mansions[3]为语料，从翻译角度入手，对空间词over个案进行汉英对比、分析、分类和讨论，探究over意象图式的跨语言映射规律，并验证以下假设：汉英翻译不仅仅是两种语言在语篇上的意义迁移，从词汇上看，翻译中还应该保持认知上的一致和对应，同时，翻译过程往往是译者对原文理解的心理过程分析，只有这样才能实现意象图式的跨语言映射。更多还原

【Abstract】 The research of polysemy dates back to early1980’s. Within the cognitiveframework, the study of polysemy, especially that of the spatial words, plays anessential role. The cognitive linguists hold the view that all entries of one word make upa semantic category, where the central meaning of a word is considered as aprotomeaning, and as language develops, the protomeaning extends to other senses.These closely interrelated senses make up the semantic network of a word.Image schema is one structure that results from human beings’ cognition acting onthe exterior world. The prototypical image schema gives birth to the protomeaning, andthe transformations among image schemas make the image-schema transformationscome into being. The image-schema transformations give birth to other spatial senses inspatial domain; a series of metaphorical senses are extended by the metaphoricalmapping from the spatial domain to other cognitive domains. In a word, image schemaplays a fundamental role in the generation and extension of spatial words’ senses. Therenowned scholar Li Fuyin proposes that image schema is the human beings’ commoncharacter and law of cognition. Human beings should study it from the viewpoint oftrans-language and trans-culture[1].This thesis intends to study the image schema, the metaphorical extensions andtrans-language mapping of over as a spatial word on the basis of the corpus in order toestablish the meaning chain and the semantic network of over. The language material inthis thesis is a corpus based on the English version A Dream of Red Mansions[2]translated by Yang Xianyi; therefore, over is put into a whole discourse to analyze,which solves the problem that the examples of over are randomly exemplified. Thevalid data of this thesis are1,408sentences from the established corpus. Five kinds ofspatial senses of over, among which a meaning chain exists, are analyzed and a morecomprehensive and complete semantic network of over is tried to be established. Afterthe quantitative and the qualitative analysis, this thesis confirms that, as a spatial word,over takes the spatial protomeaning as a core, and forms a semantic network in whichthe protomeaning extends outward by the transformations of the prototypical image schema and the metaphorical mapping to other cognitive fields.Following the research on the meanings of over in A Dream of Red Mansions, thisthesis tries to compare, analyze, classify and discuss the spatial word over in order tostudy the rules of trans-language mapping of image schema of over from the viewpointof translation, which is based on image-schema theory, setting both Cao Xueqin’s 《红楼梦》[2]and Yang Xianyi’s English version A Dream of Red Mansions[3]as theanalytical data. This thesis proves that Chinese-English translation not only hassomething to do with the transfer of meaning at the pragmatic level, but with cognitiveagreement and correspondence at the lexical level; at the same time, the process oftranslation is that of psychological analysis of the original version. The trans-languagemapping of image schema will be achieved under such circumstances.更多还原