【作者】 李晓红；

【导师】 马秀卿；

【作者基本信息】 山西大学 ， 刑法学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 随着被害人学的产生和发展,被害人的损害补偿问题引起了学者和各国政府的重视。许多国家,尤其是发达国家都实行了国家对特定犯罪被害人予以补偿的制度。我国目前缺失刑事被害人国家补偿制度,这既不符合国际司法改革的潮流,也不利于我国法治建设的完善。因此,我国建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度意义重大。本文以刑事被害人国家补偿作为研究视角,参阅了相关文献资料,采用了比较研究、实证分析等方法,经过研究,对刑事被害人国家补偿制度的相关概念、法理基础以及世界主要国家对刑事被害人国家补偿制度的立法实践进行了一定的探讨,并在此基础上结合我国目前对刑事被害人救助的理论与实践探索,对构建我国的刑事被害人国家补偿制度做了一个尝试,望有助于我国从立法上尽早建立刑事被害人国家补偿制度。论文共分为四部分：第一部分对刑事被害人及刑事被害人国家补偿制度的概念进行界定,分析其特征,通过刑事被害人国家补偿与刑事损害赔偿、国家赔偿、保险赔偿等相关概念的比较从理论上对刑事被害人国家补偿制度进行了界定,即指法律明文规定的,国家对遭受犯罪行为侵害但无法通过司法等程序获得足够赔偿而导致生活陷入困难的被害人及死亡被害人的近亲属,按照法定程序,对其给予一定经济补偿的法律制度。同时梳理了刑事被害人补偿制度的历史演进。并从实现法律正义、促进社会和谐、平衡刑事被告人与刑事被害人的国家保护权益、控制犯罪等维度论证我国构建刑事被害人国家补偿制度的意义。第二部分介绍和评价了刑事被害人国家补偿制度的六种理论学说：社会契约责任说、社会福利说、社会保险说、公共援助说、政治利益说、弥补制度缺陷说。并认为以社会契约责任说为主、以社会福利说为辅作为建立我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的理论基础较为适宜。第三部分对英国、美国、德国、日本的刑事被害人国家补偿制度作了详细介绍和比较,为我国建立被害人国家补偿制度提供优秀而有益的实践借鉴经验。第四部分介绍了我国目前刑事被害人救助理论研究和实践探索现状,提出目前救助实践中存在的问题,并讨论构建我国刑事被害人国家补偿制度的具体构想。首先讨论构建该项制度的立法原则,提出公平正义原则；先赔偿、后补偿原则；适当补偿原则；及时补偿原则；有限补偿原则和比例原则；在具体制度构想上,尝试设计了补偿对象、补偿条件、补偿额度、补偿范围、补偿机构、补偿程序和资金来源构成的基本制度。以此希望我国的刑事被害人国家补偿制度尽快出台。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the emergence and development of science of the victim, the victim compensation problem caused of the attention of the scholars and the governments. Many countries, especially developed countries have implemented on specific crime victim compensation system. China lack of state compensation system of criminal victim at present, which is not in accordance with the international judicial reform trend, is not conducive to China’s legal construction improvement. Therefore, for China to establish the system of national compensation for criminal victims is significant. Based on the national compensation for criminal victims as the research angle of view, see the relevant literature, the comparative study and empirical analysis methods, through research, system of state compensation for criminal victims of related concepts, legal basis and major countries in the world on the state compensation system for victims of criminal legislation practice are discussed, and based on this with China’s current criminal victims relief: Theory and practice, on the construction of China’s state compensation system of criminal victims had a try, hope to help in our country from the legislation as soon as possible to establish the national compensation system for criminal victims. The paper is divided into four parts:The first part of the criminal victim and the state compensation system for criminal victims concepts, analyzing its characteristics, through the national compensation for criminal victims and criminal compensation, state compensation, insurance indemnity, the comparison of related concepts from the theory of state compensation system of criminal victims are defined, namely the fingering Lv Mingwen prescribed, country to suffer criminal behavior assault but not through the judicial procedure to obtain adequate compensation to victims and life in trouble death victims’ relatives, in accordance with legal procedures, to give the certain economic compensation legal system. While combing the historical gradual progress of system of compensation of criminal victims. And from the realization of legal justice, promote social harmony, balance a criminal defendant and victim countries to protect the rights and interests, crime control aspects of argumentation our country construction of state compensation system of criminal victim’s significance.The second part introduces and evaluates the state compensation system for criminal victims six theories:the social contract liability, social welfare, social insurance, public assistance, said that political interests, make up the defect of system. And that the social contract liability mainly to social welfare, supplemented by as the establishment of China’s state compensation system of criminal victim theory is more suitable.The third part of the British, the United States, Germany, Japan’s national compensation system for criminal victims were introduced and compared, for the establishment of China’s national compensation system to provide outstanding and beneficial practice experience.The fourth part introduces China’s current criminal victims relief theory research and practical exploration of present situation, proposed the current relief problems in practice, and discuss the construction of state compensation system for victims of criminal specific conception. Firstly the paper discusses the construction of the system of legislative principle, put forward the principle of fairness and justice; after the first compensation, compensation principle; appropriate compensation; timely compensation principle; the principle of limited compensation and the proportion principle; in the specific system, tries to design the compensation object, compensation, compensation, scope of compensation, compensation mechanism, the compensation procedure and source of funds constitute the basic system. The hope of China’s state compensation system of criminal victims as soon as possible.更多还原