【作者】 王海波；

【导师】 唐彦林；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 国际关系， 2013， 硕士

【副题名】以第111届和第112届国会为例

【摘要】 美国国会作为三权分立政治体制中的重要一极，对美国外交政策的影响不容忽视。美国宪法赋予国会的诸多权力可以使其在美国外交政策方面有很大的运作空间，发挥其独特的作用。这点对我们研究中美关系具有重要的指导意义。由于我们对美国国会缺乏沟通和了解，以及国会内部长期存在着一股敌视中国大陆、支持台湾的势力，这就造成了美国国会在中美交往过程中扮演着负面角色。对台军售问题是中美关系的实质问题，也是影响双方关系发展的关键所在，恰恰遇到这一问题，美国国会都会积极参与其中，采取各种手段和措施来确保对台军售议案的通过。总体来看，美国国会是影响对台军售问题的负面因素。奥巴马总统就职以来，中美双方实力受金融危机的影响而略有变化。受此影响，第111届国会和第112届国会对中美关系的影响也呈现出复杂和多变的特点。总之，美国国会在中美关系发展，特别是对台军售问题上的所起消极作用仍然大于积极作用。本文围绕对台军售中的美国国会因素这一主题，分为五章来进行分析。第一章对美国对台军售问题的由来、对台军售的程序及第111届和第112届国会期间对台军售的概况及新特点进行了简要介绍。第二章简要分析了美国国会在对台军售中地位和作用。第三章从5个方面分析了美国对台军售的主要途径。第四章从内部因素和外部因素两个大的方面深入剖析了影响国会推进对台军售的主要因素。第五章提出应对美国国会在对台军售问题发挥消极作用的应对之策：（1）强化中国全国人大与美国国会的定期交流机制；（2）多渠道加强同美国国会议员的沟通交流；（3）加强对美国国会的院外游说。更多还原

【Abstract】 As an important pole in the political system of separation of powers, the impact of the Congress on U.S. foreign policy can’t be ignored. The U.S. Constitution grants the Congress a lot of power, so the Congress can have big operation space to play its unique role in U.S. foreign policy. This has important guiding significance for us to study the Sino-US relations. Because we lack of communication and understanding for the Congress, and there is a long-term power which is hostile to Chinese Mainland and support for Taiwan, so resulting in the U.S. Congress plays a negative role in the process of Sino-US relations. The arms sales to Taiwan is the substantive issues of the Sino-US relations, and is also the crux of the problem affecting the development of relations between the two sides, precisely encounter this issue, Congress will actively participate and take a variety of means and measures to ensure the arms sales to Taiwan motion through. In general, the U.S. Congress is the negative factors affecting the issue of arms sales to Taiwan.Since the inauguration of President Obama, the U.S. and China power makes a slight change because of the impact of the financial crisis. Affected by this, the impact of the111th Congress and the112th Congress on Sino-US relations is also showing a complex and ever-changing characteristic. In short, the U. S. Congress plays negative effect greater than the positive in the development of Sino-US relations, especially the issue of arms sales to Taiwan.This article focuses on the Congress factors in the U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, and is divided into five chapters to analysis. The first chapter makes a brief introduction for the origin of the issue of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan, the procedure of the arms sales to Taiwan and overview and new features during the111th and the112th Congress. The second chapter provides a brief analysis of the status and role of the U.S. Congress in the arms sales to Taiwan. The third chapter analyzes the main way of U.S. arms sales to Taiwan in five aspects. The fourth chapter makes a deep insight into the main factors influencing the Congress push arms sales to Taiwan from the internal and external factors. The fifth chapter puts forward countermeasures for the U.S. Congress to play a negative role in the issue of arms sales to Taiwan:(1) strengthen the regular exchange mechanism between China’s NPC and the U.S. Congress;(2)enhance communication with members of the U.S. Congress through various channels;(3) strengthen the lobbying of the U.S. Congress.更多还原