【作者】 张阳阳；

【导师】 高岚君；

【作者基本信息】 辽宁大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 私人军事公司兴起于20世纪90年代,它由早期的雇佣军发展而来。长期以来,钱财、侵略、杀戮就是雇佣军这个行业最形象的代名词。鉴于两者在本质上类似,国际社会对雇佣军的一贯印象也对私人军事公司的发展产生了消极影响。近年来,美国黑水公司在伊拉克的军事行动引起国际社会的高度关注。目前国际法层面上规范雇佣军的国际条约包括：《日内瓦四公约关于保护国际性武装冲突受难者的附加议定书》和《反对招募、使用、资助和训练雇佣军的国际公约》。然而,这两个条约关于雇佣军的定义过于苛刻。实践中,对私人军事公司很难进行有效规制。当前国际形势下,随着私人军事公司业务的不断拓展,如果像禁止雇佣军一样一概禁止私人军事公司的快速发展,显然是不合理的。当前,只有在私人军事公司这个行业比较集中的少数几个国家,如美国、英国和南非等,才出台相应的国内法对其进行规范,大多数国家关于这个行业的国内层面的立法仍然是一个空白。近几年来,私人军事公司作为国际军事领域的一个新型实体,在国际武装冲突中扮演着越来越重要的角色。但同时私人军事公司的迅速崛起引发了不少新的问题。首先,私人军事公司及其雇员在国际法上没有明确的法律地位。这不仅会使私人军事公司雇员的生命处于岌岌可危的地步,而且战场上的其他主体也得不到应有保护。其次,私人军事公司及其雇员在武装冲突中发生的不法行为。按照现行国际法,其母国有义务对其本国的私人军事公司进行监管和规范,当其监管或者规范缺失而出现违法行为时,其母国也应该为此承担国家责任。迄今为止,国际法上并没有关于私人军事公司的明确规范,私人军事公司在国际人道法上的空白直接威胁到国际社会的和平与人权保护。本文一方面试图界定私人军事公司及其雇员的国际法律地位,并论述了私人军事公司的不法行为对其母国和雇佣国可能造成的国家责任,最后结合《蒙特勒文件》关于私人军事公司的规定,并展望了未来国际社会对私人军事公司进行规范的可行性措施。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the beginning, PMC evolved from mercenaries, which has always involved with money, aggression, slaughtering etc. In View of the similarity they both have in nature, a negative attitude which the international community always had on mercenaries also had a bad impact on the development of PMC. Blackwater USA’s military action in Iraq make the international community pay great attention to this industry. International treaties on norms of mercenaries in the lever of international law, including Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts "and" against the Recruitment, Use, Financing and Training of Mercenaries International Convention. However, the two treaties regarding the definition of mercenaries is too harsh, so it is difficult to effectively regulate PMC. Under the current circumstances of international situation, with PMC continuously expanding their business, it is clearly unreasonable to restraint the rapid development of PMC just like prohibiting mercenaries. Currently, only confined to few countries where the business of PMC is rapidly developed, such as the United States, the United Kingdom and South Africa, they promulgate a series of domestic law to regulate it. Most of the countries on the level of the industry’s domestic legislation still is a blank.In recent years, as a new entity in the international military area, PMC play a more and more significant role in international armed conflict. However, the rapid rise of PMC has led to a lot of new issues. First, PMC and its employees do not have a clear legal status in the international area. This will not only put PMC and its employees’lives in danger but also would put the other part in the battlefield in the same shoes. Second, PMC and its employees’wrongdoing in the armed conflict, according to the current international law, its home country obligated to supervise and regulate its behaviors. Its home country should also take responsibility for it when its supervisory or regulatory missed and the violations happened. There are no very clear provisions about PMC in the international law so far. International legal regulation of vacancies on PMC will bring great threat to international human rights and international peace. This article, on the one hand, tries to define the international legal status of PMC and its employees, and discusses whether PMC wrongdoing may cause state responsibility for home country and employment States. Finally, with the link of the provisions of the Montreux Document on PMC, the international community looks to feasible measures on the regulation of PMC in the future.更多还原