【作者】 徐晶；

【导师】 王洁群；

【作者基本信息】 湘潭大学 ， 比较文学与世界文学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 雷纳·韦勒克是20世纪西方著名的文学理论家、比较文学家。在他构建的文学理论体系中，文学本体占据着核心位置。韦勒克的文学本体观一定程度上继承了胡塞尔的现象学理论，注重从现象还原的视角关注文学本体；同时他还融合了英伽登关于文学作品的“意向性客体”与“具体化”等理论，在俄国形式主义与英美新批评等理论潮流的影响下，注重从语言分析角度探讨文学本体，强调文学语言结构在文学本体中的决定性意义。韦勒克强调文学本体即文学的存在方式，它是一种经验性客体，是不同于个体经验的意向性客体。同时，文学本体作为一种符号与意义的多层结构，是衡量文学本质的内在标准。并且，文学本体通过文学作品自身的“具体化”过程显现出来，带有明显的历史性。文学本体还与文学本质息息相关。在韦勒克看来，文学的审美性、虚构性和想象性等本质性特征，实质上就是文学本体的特质。文学的本质属性最终都要体现在构成文学本体的语言符号与结构之中。对文学本体的探讨，即是对文学本质的发掘。韦勒克认为文学研究应该将文学本体作为重点。内部研究之所以值得重视是因为它主要针对文学本体进行研究，外部研究由于主要关注文学的外部因素，不能直接把握文学本体，所以不能成为文学研究的主要路径。但是，由于外部因素往往与内部因素交织，所以外部研究一定程度上有助于考求文学本体，促进文学研究。无论内部研究还是外部研究，都要服务于文学本体研究，回归文学本体研究。韦勒克的文学理论因为其将文学本体置于核心位置而特色鲜明，但也正由于其过于强调文学本体而产生偏颇。它一定程度上忽视了文学的社会价值，最终可能导致文学本体的孤立与空洞，从而削弱其应有的审美价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rene Wellek is a famous literature theorist and Comparative Literature scholar inthe West in20thcentury. He has successfully constructed his own unique system ofliterary theory and determined the core position of literary ontology under thebackground of literary criticism.He followed the theory of phenomenology of E. Edmund Husserl and paid moreattention to “ontology”. In the meantime, he integrated theories of Ingarden’sontology of Being and concretization. With the influence of Formalism in Russia andnew criticism in UK&US and some other theories, he emphasized probing intoliterature of text from language analysis, and laid stress on the crucial meaning ofliterature language structure in works.Rene Wellek emphasized that literary ontology is the existence of literature, anEmpirical Object, different from the Intentionality Object of individual experience.At the same time, as a multilayer structure of symbol and meaning, literary ontologyis an inner standard to judge the essence of literature. Moreover, through the“Concretization” of works, literature ontology emerged with obvious historicalsignificance.In the view of Rene Wellek, literature ontology is also closely related to itsessence. So he pointed out that literature ontology has the aesthetic, virtual andimaginative natures which are virtually the speciality of literature ontology. Theessential nature of literature finally is reflected in language symbols and structure. Thestudy on the essence of literature is essentially excavation to the nature of literary.Rene Wellek believed that the literature ontology should be the keynote ofliterature study. The external research is valued because it focuses on the externalfactors of literary works, while the internal research on the essential research of“Ontological structure” of literary works yet it can’t become the main way ofliterature stusy. However, due to external factors are often intertwined with theinternal factors, external research to some extent, helps to study the literature ontology,and promotes literary studies. Both Internal research and external research shouldserve for the study of literature and return to the literature ontology research.Rene Wellek’s theory of literature is distinctive because he placed literary ontology in the core location of his theory, but he overemphasized literary ontologywhich caused bias. To a certain extent, the neglect of the social and cultural value ofliterature, may eventually lead to its isolated and empty, thus weakening its aestheticvalue.更多还原