预期评估、调节聚焦与创造性的关系

【作者】 王佳；

【导师】 汪玲；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 发展与教育心理学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 预期评估对创造性影响问题多年来一直受到研究者的广泛关注,但是众多研究的结论却一直没有得到统一。因此,有必要考虑到其它变量的影响,采取一个更加综合并细致的方式来探讨预期评估对创造性的影响。本文引入调节聚焦变量,从调节匹配的视角深入探讨了感知评估、条件评估、特质调节聚焦、情境调节聚焦和创造性之间的关系。本文共包括两项研究,研究一探讨感知评估、特质调节聚焦和个体创造性表现之间的关系；研究二探讨条件评估、特质调节聚焦以及情境调节聚焦对创造性表现的影响。研究—采用问卷法,以111名大学生为被试,施测《调节聚焦量表》和《预期评估问卷》,并通过托兰斯创造性测验的空罐子任务来测量被试的创造性表现。对数据进行相关分析和分层回归分析,结果显示：感知评估与特质性调节聚焦相容,控制评估与创造性各维度之间相关不显著,信息评估与变通性维度显著正相关,防御聚焦与流畅性维度显著正相关,促进聚焦与除变通性之外其它维度均显著正相关。感知评估与特质调节聚焦对创造性的影响具有匹配效应,即对于高特质促进聚焦被试来说,信息评估能够正向预测流畅性和独创性;对于高特质防御聚焦被试来说,控制评估能够正向预测流畅性和独创性。研究二采用实验法与问卷法相结合,以360名大学生为被试,施测《威廉斯创造情意问卷》和《调节聚焦量表》,通过指导语控制条件评估,以迷宫任务诱发情境调节聚焦,完成托兰斯测验中的空罐子任务。将被试创造性倾向的四个维度作为协变量,对数据进行方差分析,结果显示：在创造性的流畅性和变通性维度上,情境调节聚焦对预期评估、特质调节聚焦与创造性之间的关系具有调节作用：在防御聚焦情境中,特质防御聚焦的被试在控制评估条件下比在信息评估条件下流畅性和变通性表现更好。总的来说,本文发现了预期评估和调节聚焦对创造性的影响具有匹配效应,并且同时探讨了特质性调节聚焦和情境性调节聚焦与预期评估对创造性的影响,为创造性研究带来了新的视角,有助于更进一步理解预期评估、调节聚焦与创造性之间复杂的关系,对提高个体的创造性表现具有一定的启发意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The relationship between expected evaluation and creativity has been attached importance by researchers in recent years, however, there has never been a unified conclusion. Therefore, it is quiet essential to think about the effect of other variables and probe deeply into this issue in a more integrative and more particular means. This paper introduced regulatory focus to explored the relationship between factors including perception evaluation, condition evaluation, regulatory focus trait, regulatory focus state and creativity based on the viewpoint of regulatory fit. There are two studies:study1researched into the relations between perception evaluation, regulatory focus trait and creativity. Study2probed into the effects of condition evaluation, regulatory focus trait and regulatory focus state to creativity.In study1,111college students were adopted with Regulatory Focus Scale and Expected Evaluation Measure, and finished the TTCT which asked students to list the usage of empty jar, to scale the creative expressions. The data was analyzed in the correlation analysis and hierarchical regression analysis. The results showed that perception evaluation was consistent with regulatory focus trait; the correlations between controlling evaluation and creativity were not significant; informational evaluation positively correlated with flexibility, prevention focus positively correlated with fluency; promotion focus positively correlated with all dimensions except flexibility. The result also implied that there were fitting effects of perception evaluation and regulatory focus trait to creativity. That is to say, when promotion focus was high, informational evaluation could positively forecast the fluency and originality; when prevention focus was high, controlling evaluation could positively forecast the fluency and originality.In study2,360college students were adopted with Williams Creativity Scale and Regulatory Focus Scale. We use a pencil-and-paper maze to induce regulatory focus state, and use instruction to manipulate condition evaluation. At last, the participants had to complete the TTCT test. By employing4dimensions of creativity tendency as co-variables, the data was analyzed in ANOVA. The result indicated that regulatory focus state moderate the relationship between expected evaluation, regulatory focus trait and creativity on the fluency and flexibility dimension:in the context of prevention focus, students who have high prevention focus trait perform better in controlling condition than in informational condition. In a word, this paper pointed out the matching effects of expected evaluation and regulatory focus to creativity, and explored the influence of regulatory focus trait, regulatory focus state and expected evaluation to creativity. This paper presented a novel proposal for research of creativity, which was beneficial to find out the relations among expected evaluation, regulatory focus and creativity, and had significance in enhancing individual creativity.更多还原