【作者】 李伟；

【导师】 徐子伟； 王恬；

【作者基本信息】 南京农业大学 ， 动物营养与饲料科学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 本试验以28日龄断奶仔猪为研究对象,研究了在仔猪基础日粮中不同添加水平、不同添加形式的铁对断奶仔猪生长性能、肠道结构、铁营养状况、抗氧化能力及免疫性能的影响。为研制和应用高效吸收的铁源,减少排泄铁对环境的污染提供科学的参考依据。576头健康断奶仔猪被随机分为8组,每组6个重复,每个重复12头。饲喂以下8种日粮：Ⅰ组(对照组)基础日粮(CN)；Ⅱ～Ⅳ组基础日粮加50、100和150mg/kg(以铁计)的硫酸亚铁；Ⅴ～Ⅷ组基础日粮加50、100、150和200mg/kg (以铁计)的百乐铁。试验期28天。试验共分为三部分。试验一：不同铁源和添加水平对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道结构的影响Ⅷ组仔猪的平均日增重显著高于对照组(P<0.05),其他各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)；同铁浓度的有机铁组仔猪的平均日增重高于无机铁组。添加外源铁对肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、胰脏、胸腺相对重影响不显著(P>0.05)；Ⅷ组仔猪空肠V/C显著高于其他组(P<0.05),Ⅶ组显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组和其它有机铁组(P<0.05)；Ⅴ组和Ⅵ组仔猪回肠V/C显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；Ⅷ组仔猪十二指肠V/C显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ和Ⅵ组(P<0.05)。试验二：不同铁源和添加水平对断奶仔猪组织、粪便中铁含量及血液生理生化指标的影响Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组仔猪平均血红蛋白浓度显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；Ⅴ组试验仔猪的红细胞计数显著高于对照组、无机铁组和Ⅵ组(P<0.05)；Ⅴ、Ⅵ组仔猪的血红细胞压积显著高于对照照组(P<0.05),V组仔猪的血红细胞压积显著高于无机铁组(P<0.05)；Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅷ组仔猪白细胞计数显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；添加外源铁可以提高仔猪粪便中铁含量(P>0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅷ组显著高于对照组、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05)；试验组仔猪肝脏中铁含量比对照组显著增高(P<0.05),试验组间仔猪肝脏含铁量差异不显著(P>0.05)；仔猪肾脏含铁量各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)；Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组仔猪脾脏含铁量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅶ组也显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。Ⅷ组仔猪血浆尿素氮(BUN)含量显著高于对照组、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅵ组显著高于对照组、Ⅱ组(P<0.05)；V组仔猪血浆肌红蛋白浓度(MB)显著高于Ⅶ、Ⅷ组仔猪(P<0.05)；Ⅳ组仔猪铜蓝蛋白含量显著低于对照组(P<0.05)；仔猪血浆中总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白浓度(A1b)、血浆铁蛋白浓度(SF)、肝脏抗菌肽(HAMP)、总铁结合力(TIBC)各组间无显著差异(P>0.05)。试验三：不同铁源和添加水平对断奶仔猪抗氧化能力、免疫性能的影响添加外源铁不同程度的提高了断奶仔猪血液中CAT、SOD、 SDH、 XOD、T-AOC、 MDA酶的活性和GSH含量；Ⅷ组仔猪血液SDH酶活性低于对照组(P>0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅷ组仔猪CuZn-SOD活性活性低于对照组(P>0.05)；相同铁浓度的有机组CAT酶活性高于无机组(P>0.05),SDH、GSH、SOD、 T-AOC酶活性有机组和无机组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)；Ⅳ组仔猪血液CuZn-SOD活性显著高于对照组、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组(P<0.05),Ⅲ组显著高于Ⅷ组(P<0.05)；Ⅳ组仔猪血液XOD酶活性显著高于对照组、Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ组(P<0.05),Ⅷ组显著高于对照组、Ⅱ、Ⅴ组(氏0.05)；Ⅷ组仔猪MDA酶活性显著高于对照组和Ⅱ组仔猪(P<0.05)。日粮中添加无机铁比有机铁更容易增加血液中H2O2、 O2-、NO含量,当添加有机铁50、100、150mg/kg时,仔猪血液中H2O2、 O2-、NO含量变化不大,添加200mg/kg时,有机铁组H202、02-、NO含量与其他有机组相比有较大增高(P>0.05)；Ⅲ组仔猪H202含量显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ组(P<0.05),Ⅳ组显著高于Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ组(P<0.05)；Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅷ组血液中O2-含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；相同铁含量的无机组仔猪H202、NO含量高于有机组。Ⅷ组仔猪IgG含量低于对照组(P>0.05),Ⅴ、Ⅵ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),V组显著高于Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅷ组(P<0.05),Ⅳ、Ⅵ组显著高于Ⅷ组(P<0.05)；Ⅴ组C4含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),Ⅶ组仔猪总补体含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)；各组间仔猪IgA、 IgM、IGF-1、 C3含量无显著差异(P>0.05).更多还原

【Abstract】 In this study, weaned piglets(28-day-old) were selected as the model⒛The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forms and concentrations of iron added to the basal diet on growth performance, intestinal structure, iron nutritional status, antioxidant capacity and immunity performance of weaned piglets. To provide a scientific evidence for the development and application of efficient absorption iron source or reduce contamination of the excretion of iron to the environment.576healthy weaned piglets were randomly allocated into8groups, and each group had6replicates with12piglets per replicate. The treatments were as follows:group I fed diets of control with normal nutrient level(CN); groupⅡ～Ⅳfed diets containing CN+50、100、150mg/kgFeSO4; group Ⅴ-Ⅷfed diets containing CN+50、100、150、200mg/kg Bioplex Fe. The test period was9days. Three sections were included in this research. Experiment1:Effects of different iron sources and supplemental level on the performance and intestinal structure of weaned pigletsThe results indicated that:The experimental group average daily gain of the piglets of group Ⅷ was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences among the other groups(P>0.05); the average daily gain of the piglets of organic iron group were higher than inorganic iron group which containing the same iron concentration; There were no significant differences on the indexes of organs of Live、 Kidney、 Spleen、Pancreas and Thymu (P>0.05).The V/C ratio of Jejunum of the group Ⅷ was significantly higher than other group(P<0.05), the V/C ratio of jejunum of the group Ⅴ was significantly higher organic iron group Ⅱ、Ⅲ(P<0.05); The V/C ratio of ileum of group Ⅴ、Ⅵ was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05); The V/C ratio of duodenum group Ⅷ was significantly higher than group Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ and group VI (P＜0.05). Experiment2: Effects of different iron sources and supplemental level on blood physiological indices and the iron content of organization and feces of weaned pigletsThe mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration of (MCHC) of group Ⅵ、Ⅶ and Ⅷ was significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05);The Red Blood Cell Count of group V was significantly higher than control group、inorganic iron group and group VI (P<0.05); The hematocrit of group V、VI was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05), he hematocrit of V group was significantly higher than inorganic iron group (P＜O.05); Adding exogenous iron could increase the content of iron in feces, the content of iron of group IV、 Ⅷ was significantly higher than control group、 groupⅡ、 V and group Ⅶ (P＜0.05); The content of iron in liver of test group was significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05),and there were no significant differences among test group (P>0.05); There were no significant differences on the content of iron in kidney among each group (P>0.05); The content of iron in spleen of group Ⅵ、Ⅶ,Ⅷ was significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05), and the content of iron in spleen of group Ⅶ was also significantly higher than group Ⅱ、 Ⅲ (P＜0.05);The content of BUN in blood of Ⅷ group was significantly higher than control group、 group Ⅱ, Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ and Ⅶ (P＜0.05), and the content of BUN in blood of group VI was also significantly higher than control group, group Ⅱ (PO.05); The content of myoglobin of group V was significantly higher than group Ⅶ、Ⅷ (P＜0.05); The content of Ceruloplasmin of group Ⅳ was significantly lower than control group (P＜0.05); There were no significant differences on the content of TP、Alb、SF、HAMP、TIBC in blood among each group (P＞0.05)Experiment3:Effects of different iron sources and supplemental level on antioxidant capacity and immune function of weaned pigletsThe activity of CAT、 SOD、SDH、XOD、T-AOC、MDA and the content of GSH were increased after iron was Added into the basal diet. The activity of SDH of group Ⅷ was significant lower than control group (P＜0.05); The activity of CuZn-SOD of group Ⅳ、Ⅵ was significant lower than control group(P＜0.05); There were no significant differences on the activity of SDH、 GSH、 SOD、 T-AOC between organic iron group and inorganic iron group which containing the same iron content (P>0.05),and the activity of CAT of organic iron group was higher than inorganic iron group which containing the same iron content (P>0.05); The activity of CuZn-SOD of group Ⅳ was significantly higher than control group, group Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、 Ⅶ、Ⅵ (P＜0.05), and the activity of CuZn-SOD of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅷ (P＜0.05); The activity of XOD was significantly higher than control group and group Ⅱ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ (P＜0.05), and the activity of XOD of group Ⅷ was also significantly higher than control group and group Ⅱ、Ⅴ (P＜0.05); The activity of MDA of group Ⅷ was significantly higher than control group and group Ⅱ (P＜0.05) The content of H2O2、 O2-、 NO were increased easily when organic iron added into diets than inorganic iron. There were no significant differences on content of H2O2、 O2、NO when added50、100、150mg/kg organic iron into diets, but the content of H2O2、O2-、NO have a greatly incereased when200mg/kg organic iron into diets; The content of H2O2of group Ⅲ was significantly higher than group Ⅰ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ (P＜0.05), and The content of H2O2of Ⅳ group was also significantly higher than group Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、 Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ (P＜0.05); The content of O2-of groupⅢ、Ⅳ、Ⅷ was significantly higher than control group (P＜0.05); The content of H2O2and NO of inorganic iron group were higher than organic iron group which containing the same iron content.The content of IgG of group Ⅷ was lower than control group (P>0.05), and the content of IgG of group Ⅴ、Ⅵ were significantly higher than control group(P<0.05), and the content of IgG of Ⅴ group was significantly higher than group Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅷ (P>0.05), and the content of IgG of group Ⅳ、Ⅵ was significantly higher than group Ⅷ(P>0.05); The content of C4of group Ⅴ was significantly higher than control group (PO.05), The content of CH50of group Ⅶ was significantly higher than control group (P<0.05); There were no significant differences on the content of IgA、IgM、IGF-1、C3among each group (P>0.05)更多还原