【作者】 李静；

【导师】 孙卫星；

【作者基本信息】 北京体育大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 运动员对网球技战术的合理运用在网球比赛中占有着重要地位,在高水平的网球比赛中更是如此。近年来,随着网球赛次的不断增多,竞赛水平的不断提升,对网球运动员竞技能力的要求也越来越高。人们不但注重网球技术和身体素质训练,而且也开始关注战术和心理素质训练方面的训练,尤其重视运动员心理对抗能力的综合训练。这就有必要从心理方面探究技战术的特征,以做到技战术、体能、心理的有效结合,进一步促进网球运动的发展。本研究以美国职业网球教练员罗恩·韦特提出的网球运动员的分类理论为基础,以北京体育大学30名网球专项学生为调查对象,运用文献资料法、实验法、问卷调查法等研究方法,首先对本能型、计谋型网球运动员的概念进行了认识,在此基础了通过实验研究对本能型和计谋型网球专项学生的技战术特征进行了实验验证,然后以实验和案例为基础,提炼了两类网球专项学生技战术方面的主要特征；分析实验干预后本能型和计谋型网球专项学生的技战术特征变化；并分析了它们与网球专项学生性格类型和气质类型之间的关系,旨在为网球专项学生更好地了解自己的所属类型及技战术特征提供理论基础和实践依据。研究结论如下：1.本能型网球专项学生的技术特征主要表现在平时训练中注重自己技术的全能发展但理论学习较少,比赛中分析自己多、解读对手少,适应环境的能力差,较难控制情绪等方面;计谋型网球专项学生技战术特征主要表现在以战术制胜多、能正确认识自己及对手的优劣、在比赛中能较好控制自己的情绪,技术不一定全面等方面。2.运动训练中的积极引导可以使本能型专项学生的抗干扰能力及对比赛的反思能力得以提升；计谋型运动员技战术特征基本没有变化。说明短时间内本能型转向学生的技战术特征更易发生改变,而短期的训练不能够改变计谋型网球专项学生的技战术特征。3.本能型和计谋型网球专项学生的技战术特征与其性格类型存在一定的一致性。本能型选手的性格特点偏向于蓝色性格和红色性格；计谋型选手的性格偏向于黄色性格和绿色性格。本能型网球专项学生中胆汁质气质类型占较大比重,计谋型网球运动员中多血质气质类型占较大比重。更多还原

【Abstract】 The rational use of the athletes on the tennis technical and tactical occupies an important position, especially in the high-level tennis. In recent years, with the continually growing competition level and increasingly high requirements on the competitive ability of the tennis player, people not only pay attention to tennis and physical training, but also started to pay attention to the training of tactical and psychological quality with particular emphasis on the comprehensive training of athletes’ psychological resistance capability. This is necessary to explore the technical and tactical characteristics of the psychological aspects, in order to achieve the effective combination of technical and tactical, physical, psychological, and further promote the development of tennis. This study based on the theory:United States Professional Tennis Coach Ron Waite tennis player classification. In this study, through the use of stionnaire survey, interview method, experimental method, analysis method. Frist, understanding two type of tennis player:instinct type, stratagem type. On this basis, the experimental validation of the experimental study on the technical and tactical characteristics of instinct and stratagem tennis player. Experiments and case extract the main features of the technical and tactical aspects of two types of athletes, and analyzed the relationship between the athlete personality type and temperament types, a better understanding of the type designed for the athletes to provide a theoreti caland practical basis. The conclusions are as follows.1. There were significant differences between the instinct athletes and stratagem players’technical and tactical characteristics. Actively guide in the exercise training make the instinct athletes anti-jamming capability and the ability to reflect on the game can be improved, short-term training does not change the overall characteristics of the instinct athletes and stratagem players’technical and tactical.2. Technical and tactical characteristics of instinct athletes mainly one or more of the winning weapon in the technical analysis of how much your interpretation less opponents, the ability to adapt to the environment is poor, difficult to control mood and other aspects in the game; trick tennis players technical and tactical characteristicsin winning more than a tactical to a correct. understanding of the pros and cons of themselves and their opponents in the race to better control their emotions, not necessarily comprehensive technical aspects.3. Instinct and artifices tennis technical and tactical characteristics of their personality type there is a certain consistency. The character of instinctive players are biased in favor of the blue character and red character; stratagem type player character is biased in favor of the yellow character and green character. Instinct tennis player Choleric temperament type is a larger proportion of a larger proportion of the Sanguineous temperament type stratagem tennis player.更多还原