【作者】 袁晋；

【导师】 张京平；

【作者基本信息】 内蒙古师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪80年代以前,我国培养优秀运动员走的一般是比较专业化,由业余体校、省市运动队和国家队集中管理的。由于学训矛盾突出,运动员的文化教育受到极大影响。20世纪80年代中期,随着社会用工制度的变化,运动员退役后的就业难问题日显突出,运动员专业化培养的体系受到质疑。为了减少学训矛盾,让运动员从业期间能受到大学教育,为国家培养全面发展的高水平运动队的建设开始试点,以普通高等学校为龙头,逐步完善大、中、小学相衔接的优秀体育人才培养机制,参与试点的高校从起初的51所,发展到2010年的268所,涉及运动项目近百个。从走过的历程来看,普通高等院校高水平运动队建设是更好地适应体育特长发展和综合素质教育双重需求,推动我国体育事业发展的重要一环；随着社会经济的发展,出现许多综合性大学已经扮演更为重要的角色并逐渐成为未来体育人才培养的主流模式,开始担负起了为国家培养“体育优秀人才”的任务。同时,高校高水平运动队的建设,推动了高校间赛事的广泛开展。但是,当前我国高校高水平运动队建设过程中,运动员不投入,总体成材率偏低等问题还比较突出,研究探索如何建立高校高水平运动队长效培养机制,有着非常重要的意义。在这种前提和背景下,我们应继续推进以人为本和谐社会的建设,切实实现“体教结合”,全面培养内蒙古自治区高校竞技体育后备人才,通过长期的工作和调研,发现当前内蒙古自治区高校高水平运动队建设中仍存在问题。本研究主要采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数据统计法、逻辑推理法和问卷调查法等研究方法,从高校高水平运动队建设历程与地域分布、招生政策、运动项目设置和布局、管理体制、“学训关系”、训练保障等方面对2010年教育部最新批准的内蒙古自治区6所普通高校高水平运动队建设现状进行了全面调研,同时给出改进建议,对确保内蒙古自治区高校高水平运动队建设体现出民族特色,健康、科学、稳定、持续的发展具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。建议：(1)政府职能部门应加强管理体制改革,深化培养机制的建设,把握全局,切合实际的制定我区高校高水平运动队近期目标和远期目标,加大校际之间的对抗赛、交流赛,以提高运动员的临赛经验。(2)加大我区高校摔跤、柔道优势项目的发展力度,同时带动其它项目竞技水平的整体提高并增设冷门项目,如定向越野、滑冰等。(3)建立有教育系统特色的训练基地,与有条件的中小学建立合作关系,将其确定为体育后备人才培养训练的基地,并给予政策支持。(4)拓宽经费来源渠道,通过与企业联合办队、建立高校高水平运动队发展基金联合会、拉赞助、利用运动员的广告效应等各种措施补充经费不足。(5)针对性的修改教学计划,适当减少每学期的课程门数,更好地解决学习与训练的时间冲突；制定关于高水平运动队的全额奖学金方案,以吸引区内、区外的高水平运动员来我区高校就读。(6)落实后勤保障工作,高校应长期设立运动员灶,保证运动员的训练营养保障;建立医务监督服务部门,定期对运动员进行常规检查。(7)普通高校高水平运动队训练工作是学校体育教学工作的组成部分,政策出台应考虑教练员所执教运动队取得运动竞赛成绩的价值,并作为其晋升晋级的重要条件。(8)制定并实施教练员聘任制与竞聘制相结合的办法优化教练员队伍。制定短期、长期的教练员培训计划,提高教练员的实践经验和理论水平,吸取世界先进的科学技术及训练方法。更多还原

【Abstract】 Before the nineteen eighties, our country cultivating excellent athletes walk is generally more professional, amateur, by provincial teams and national teams centralized management. Due to the severe contradiction between study and training, athletes’ cultural education greatly affected. Nineteen eighties medium, along with the social employment system changes, retired athletes the difficult employment problem has become increasingly prominent, athlete professional training system has been challenged. In order to reduce the contradiction of learning and training, athletes can be employed during the period of university education, for cultivating the all-round development of the high level sports teams construction started a pilot, to ordinary higher school as a leader, and gradually improve, in primary school, combining excellent sports talents training mechanism, to participate in the pilot colleges and universities from the beginning of the51, the development of by2010268, relating to the sport of nearly100.From the history looks, colleges and the construction of high level sports team is better adapted to the sports speciality development and comprehensive quality education demand, promote the development of China’s sports undertaking important one annulus; with the development of society and economy, there are many comprehensive university has played a more important role and gradually become the future of sports talents cultivation the mainstream pattern, began to take up the national culture "sports talents" task. At the same time, the universities high level sport team construction, promoted colleges to carry out a wide range of events. However, the current our country university high level sports team construction process, athletes do not put, the overall yield is low etc the issue is more outstanding, study and explore how to establish the university high level sports team long-term cultivation mechanism, has very important significance.In this premise and background, we should continue to promote people-oriented construction of a harmonious society, the practical realization of "combination of sports and education", cultivating reserve talents of competitive sports in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region colleges and universities, through long-term work and research, found that the current the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region university high level sports team still exists in construction problem.This research mainly uses the literature material law, the expert interview law, mathematical statistics, logic reasoning and expert interviews and other research methods, from the construction of high level sports teams in history and geographical distribution, admissions policies, sports setting and layout, management system,"learning and training", training support and other aspects of the2010education latest approved6the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region university high level sports team construction current situation undertook comprehensive research, and gives some improvement suggestions, to ensure that the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region university high level sports team construction reflects the ethnic characteristics, health, science, stability, sustainable development has the important theory significance and the practice value.Suggestion:(1) The functions of the government departments should strengthen the management system reform, deepen culture system construction, hold overall situation, practical development of our region of high level sports teams in short-term goals and long-term goals, increase the intercollegiate championship tournament, exchange, in order to improve the athletes’Pro tournament experience.(2) Strengthen my area college wrestling, judo advantage project development, at the same time drives the other sports to enhance the overall level and the addition of popular projects, such as orienteering, skiing.(3) To establish a system of education characteristics of the training base, and has the condition school to establish relations of cooperation, which is identified as the cultivation of sports reserve talent training base, and to give policy support.(4) To broaden the sources of funding channels, with the enterprise joint team, set up high level sports team in University Development Fund Federation, sponsorship, advertising effect by athletes and other measures complement insufficient funds.(5) Targeted modifying teaching plans, appropriate to reduce each semester courses, to better address the learning and training time conflict; formulation of high level sports teams in the full scholarship scheme, in order to attract area, outside of the high level athletes to my area universities.(6) Implementation of logistical support, university should establish long-term athlete foci, ensure the training of athletes nutritional safeguard; to establish medical supervision service, regular players performed as a routine examination.(7) University high level sports team training work is the school sports teaching work components, policies should consider the coaches have coached sports team sports competition achievement value, and as its promotion promotion important condition. (8) The formulation and implementation of appointment system and the competition system for the coach approach combining optimization coaches. Development of short-term, long-term training plan, improving coaches’ practical experience and theoretical level, absorb the world’s advanced science and technology and the training method.更多还原