【作者】 周斌；

【导师】 唐中实；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2012， 硕士

【摘要】 在全球范围内，滑坡的发生每年都会造成大量的人员伤亡与财产损失，三峡库区具有地质条件复杂、气候条件多变等特点，为大量滑坡的孕育提供了充分的条件。因此，确定库区内滑坡的致灾范围，对其致灾过程进行动态模拟和灾情评估具有重要的现实意义。本文选取涪陵区一处典型滑坡，利用Sassa滑坡运动模型模拟其发生危害时的致灾范围，根据计算结果对滑坡进行三维建模，并模拟滑坡发生的动态过程。具体的研究工作如下：(1)本文查阅了滑坡研究、可视化技术、滑坡运动模型及动态模拟三个方面的文献，确定了滑坡致灾范围及动态模拟过程的研究思路和主要方法。(2)结合滑坡的基础地形数据，采用双线性插值、最邻近插值、三次样条插值和双三次插值建立数值地形模型并进行三维绘制。根据钻孔勘测点和滑坡易发生危险的轮廓点，利用反距离插值和Kriging插值模拟滑坡的滑动面。(3)研究分析了Sassa滑坡运动模型和块体滑坡运动模型的基本假设、运动模型的力学条件和模型公式推导，根据滑坡模型的特征选择Sassa滑坡运动模型作为计算模型，利用有限差分法对滑坡的运动进行数值计算，得出滑坡在滑动过程中任一时刻的位移、速度以及灾害的致灾影响范围。(4)利用GIS工具完成了CAD等高线数据的栅格化，对栅格进行修复，利用Photoshop生成可用作置换建模的灰度贴图。(5)论述了建模的主要技术和原理，采用地形工具与置换贴图两种方法对滑坡进行地形建模，利用模型优化方法对建模结果进行优化，比较了两种模型的优缺点，选择置换贴图建立的模型作为滑坡模拟模型。根据滑动面的空间位置，创建对象与滑坡体相交，并利用布尔运算生成滑坡体与滑坡床模型。(6)利用粒子系统对滑坡的运动过程进行动态模拟，考虑了滑坡体与滑坡床的物理碰撞，增加了在碰撞过程中产生的烟尘效果，为场景添加纹理并进行渲染输出。本文介绍了根据滑坡的基础地形数据与土体参数确定滑坡滑动过程中位置、速度及影响范围，并对滑坡滑动过程进行动态模拟的方法。本文的研究成果对在三峡库区内进行滑坡预警和灾情评估具有重要的意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 The landslides cause huge casualties and property losses worldwide everyyear. The complex geological conditions and changing weather conditions in theThree Gorges reservoir area provide chances of large numbers of landslideoccurrences. Therefore, there is significant importance to determine the scope ofthe landslide hazard and simulate the landslides process. This paper selects atypical landslide in Fuling District, simulates the landslide hazards range usingthe Sassa’s landslide movement model, and performs a dynamic simulation oflandslide process based on the results of the Sassa’s model. The research work isdetailed as follows:(1)This study determines the research idea and method of landslide hazardareas and the dynamic simulation process based on a review of literature onthree aspects, namely landslide research, visualization techniques, landslidemotion model and dynamic simulation.(2) This study creates the digital terrain model and draws athree-dimensional landslide model based on the landslide basis terrain data andusing four interpolation method, bilinear interpolation, nearest neighborinterpolation, cubic spline interpolation and bicubic interpolation. It thensimulates the landslide slip surface using anti-distance interpolation and Kriginginterpolation according to the drill points and landslide hazard area contourpoints.(3) This study analyzes the basic assumptions of the Sassa’s landslidemotion model and the block landslide motion model. The Sassa’s landslidemotion model is selected as a computational model according to thecharacteristics of the landslide model, and the numerical calculation of thelandslide movement is done by using the finite difference method, the resultgive the displacement, velocity and range of the landslide.(4) A gray-scale map is generated that can be used as a replacementmodeling using GIS tools and Photoshop.(5) This study also builds the landslide terrain model using terrain toolsand displacement maps. The advantages and disadvantages of the two models are analyzed, and a displacement map model as landslide model is selected.Based on the position of the sliding surface, the sliding block and landslide-bedmodel is generated using Boolean operations.(6) Lastly, this study carries out dynamic simulation of the landslidemovement with a particle system. In the simulation, the influence of thephysical collision of the sliding block and landslide-bed is considered, andtexture and smoke are added in order to achieve a better effect.To sum up, this study determines the position, velocity and range of thelandslide and simulates the landslide process according to the topographic dataand soil parameters. The results of this study have a great significance on theearly warning and disaster assessment of landslide in the Three Gorges reservoirarea.更多还原