【作者】 张芳；

【导师】 边立红；

【作者基本信息】 长沙理工大学 ， 外国语言学及应用语言学， 2013， 硕士

【副题名】以严复译作为例

【摘要】 晚清时期中国社会在内忧外患的局势下被迫开始了从传统向现代过渡的进程，期间随着西学东渐的兴起，在翻译界掀起了西书译介的高潮，大批的西书被翻译或转译成中文并广泛流传。这些带有“现代性思想”的西书能成功存活于晚清保守的意识形态下似乎是一种矛盾，而矛盾背后隐藏着译者们的良苦用心。译写是晚清翻译实践中突出的、普遍的现象。译写是译者在翻译实践中为追求完美译本所采用的一种翻译策略，这种翻译策略不止盛行于晚清时期，在中外翻译史的任何阶段都屡见不鲜。通过译写得来的译作，常常在“忠实”、“信、达、雅”等翻译标准的衡量下被斥为“不忠”、“叛逆”的典型，因此这种翻译策略的价值从未引起译学界的重视。生态翻译学着眼于翻译生态系统的整体性，从生态翻译学的视角，以生态翻译学的叙事方式，对翻译的本质、过程、标准、原则和方法、以及翻译现象等做出新的描述和解释，它为解读翻译的实质提供了整体的研究视角，对解读晚清翻译策略提供了新颖和具体的研究指导思想和方法。本文以一位极具代表性的晚清译者--严复及其译作为例，解读其在翻译过程中采用的一些“实非正法”的翻译策略，若以生态翻译学为参照，我们不但可以理解严复及晚清译者们的做法，而且还能发现他们特殊翻译策略的文化意义。本研究分四个章节（不包括引言和结论）从生态翻译学的视角对晚清翻译中的译写现象进行解读，探讨其特殊的形成机制，从而对翻译研究给予启示。第一章文献综述，概述国内外生态翻译学及晚清译写翻译策略的研究现状。第二章阐述生态翻译学的理论框架，主要介绍生态学翻译学的可行性分析，从生态学的研究思路和翻译研究与生态学的关联、相似性与必要性入手，介绍其研究目标。最后介绍了生态翻译学的核心概念及其它的应用。第三章综述翻译中译写翻译策略，并举例说明译写的表现形式。从社会需要、翻译目的及译者审美三方面着手分析广泛译写的原因。第四章是本文的核心部分，作者首先陈述了晚清许多译者的翻译实践，从中反映出了译写策略的普适性；接着以严复译作为例，从语言、文化、交际三个维度解读译写翻译策略在严复译作中的表现形式；探讨译写策略的评价方式与应用价值。结论部分，综上所述，晚清译者采取译写策略是一种典型的生态行为，是在特定翻译生态环境中使译作存活生效的最有效手段。中国晚清翻译家的思想和实践特点的形成与他所处的翻译生态环境有密切关系。本文通过研究得到了以下启示：1.生态翻译学为解读翻译策略提供了新的研究视角；2.译写策略的运用要受到生态翻译环境的制约；3.晚清时期的文学翻译不仅引进了新思想，新文学，还触发了国内社会和文学体系的变革；4.生态翻译学着眼于整体视角，对译写翻译实践具有充分的解释力与指导性；5.任何译作及翻译策略都有其独特的翻译生态环境，脱离翻译生态环境去评判译作或翻译策略是不客观的。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the Late-Qing Dynasty, Chinese society was transforming from traditional tomodern type, thus a climax of translating western books to China appeared, largequantity of western classical books were translated successfully and circulated widely.It seemed to be a kind of contradiction that those translated books with a kind ofmodern democratic ideology could even survived under a conservative ideology inLate-Qing Dynasty, actually it was the result of adaptation and selection to thetranslational eco-environment. Translation-writing is a widespread phenomenon in thepractice of translation in Late-Qing Dynasty. It is a strategy that translators take in theprocess of the pursuit of the perfect versions of translation. This translation strategyexists not only in the Late-Qing Dynasty in China, but also throughout the Chineseand Western translation history. But the application of this strategy was alwaysneglected or criticized as treason to the original text, so the value of this specialtranslating strategy was never paid enough attention.Professor Hu G.engshen’s Eco-translatology provides us a perspective on theintegrity of translational ecosystem; it adopts eco-translatological narration toelaborate translational essence, production, standard, principle, method and translationphenomenon and so on. It can direct us to study translation phenomenon from acomprehensive angle, so it provides us with a brand new angle to interpret widespreadapplied translation-writing strategy in Late-Qing Dynasty to analyze the causes andforms of the strategy, meantime provides innovative and specific guiding ideologyand method for translation studies.In this thesis, the author takes Yan Fu and his translation as a case to interpret the“unusual” translation strategy. With reference to Eco-translatology, we can not onlyunderstand the translation practice in Late-Qing Dynasty, but also to find the culturemeaning behind translation-writing strategy. This text consists of four parts besidesintroduction and conclusion. Chapter one is the historical review of the theoretical development of theEco-translatology in China and the related research situation about ecology andtranslation abroad, and the research status of translation-writing strategy in Late-QingDynasty.Chapter two is the introduction of theoretical framework of Eco-translatology. Itincludes the feasibility analysis of Eco-translatology, the key concepts ofEco-translatology and its application values.Chapter three is the introduction of the phenomenon of translation-writing. Inthis part, the author gives the definition of translation-writing, lists the forms oftranslation-writing and analyzes the causes of widely applied translation-writing fromthree aspects: requirement of social conditions, purpose of translation and translator’saesthetic taste.Chapter four is the key part of this thesis. The author first demonstrates commonpractice of translators in Late-Qing Dynasty, which shows translation-writing wasapplied widely in ecological environment of Late-Qing Dynasty. Then taking Yan Fu’stranslation as a case to explain the translator’s adaptation and selection in thelanguage, culture and communication dimensions and to exemplify the representationof translation-writing strategy in Yan’s translation. Then the evaluation mechanismand value of translation-writing are also given attention.Conclusion demonstrates that the translational behavior of a translator is atypical eco-behavior. The translation-writing strategy applied in Late-Qing Dynastywas the most effective translation strategy in the given translational eco-environment,it ensured the translation works to survive and take effect. The thoughts andcharacteristics of Late-Qing translators are closely related with their translationeco-environment; The enlightenment of the research can be summarized from thefollowing five aspects: Firstly, Eco-translatology provides new angle for research onthe study of translation strategy; Secondly, translation-writing is viewed as a specialstrategy that is constrained by the translational eco-environment; Thirdly, literarytranslation in Late-Qing Dynasty not only initiated a new stage of introducing foreign literature and ideas into China, but also brought about huge changes in domesticsocial and literary systems; Fourthly, Professor Hu G.engshen’s Eco-translatologyprovides us a perspective on the integrity of translational ecosystem, it adoptseco-translatological narration to elaborate translational essence, production, standard,principle, method and translation phenomenon and so on. It can direct us to studytranslation phenomenon from a comprehensive angle; Fifthly, every translation andtranslation strategy has its special translational eco-environment. It’s unreasonable tojudge its pros and cons without consideration its given translational eco-environment.更多还原