【作者】 郭峰；

【导师】 李晓春；

【作者基本信息】 兰州大学 ， 中国哲学， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 太虚和气是张载哲学思想的两个核心范畴,两者的关系兼具本体论和宇宙论双重含义；因此,宇宙论和本体论是研究张载哲学必须要考校的两个方面。由于中国古代对于本体论与宇宙论区分的不明晰,这样,在现代人的视野里,太虚与气的关系就不仅是张载哲学思想的核心问题,而且成为了学者们研究张载思想争论最为激烈的问题,究其原因,关键在于对“太虚”和“气”何者作为本体的界定和认知。本文关照中国传统思维模式,以本体论和宇宙论为切入视角,从张载思想产生的文化背景以及北宋儒学所面临的问题出发,揭示了张载哲学思想的问题意识,并由此深入文本,对太虚、天地、阴阳、无、道、气等概念进行了系统的疏解,分析它们之间的区别和联系,并最终认为,太虚具有非实体性,太虚是气而且还是气之本体。宇宙论和本体论在张载的思想中并没有后世那样明晰的区分,张载把儒家的“天”和道家的“无”融入太虚,以气为太虚存在的载体,以太虚为气化的根据,通过气对“无”、“天”等概念进行改造,最终形成了太虚本体的观念。总之,在张载的哲学思想中,宇宙论和本体论在关涉到本体这一点上有着密切的关系,这种紧密的关系也决定了张载的“太虚与气”关系的思想要在本体论与宇宙论两条道路上来进行研究和讨论,而张载的本体思想又是在气的生化与回归中展开的,这就导致在张载思想中太虚与气的关系就徘徊在本体论和宇宙论两条途径之间。更多还原

【Abstract】 Taixu and Qi are the two main categories of Zhangzai’s philosophy, and the relationship of them has its meaning in both Ontology and Cosmology. So the Ontology and Cosmology are two necessary aspects in the study of Zhangzai’s philosophy. In ancient China, people didn’t comprehend the distinction between Ontology and Cosmology clearly, because of that, in modern vision, the relationship between Taixu and Qi is not only the core issue of Zhangzai’s philosophy, but also becomes the most intense debate among the scholars’ study on Zhangzai’s thought. All in all, the key of the dispute is that whether Taixu or Qi is the arche of the world.Under the mode of chinese traditional thinking and the perspective of Ontology and Cosmology, to begin from the problems Confucians in Northern Song dynasty faced and the cultural background of Zhangzai’s thought, this thesis reveals the consciousness of question of Zhangzai’s philosophy. Then, delve the text, take out systematic defiberings to Taixu, Tiandi, Yinyang, Wu, Dao, Qi and so on, analyse the differences and relations among them. Overall, my thesis believe that, Taixu is Qi, which is insubstantial, and furthermore it is the arche of Qi. Unlike in posterity, Ontology and Cosmology didn’t been distinct clearly in Zhangzai’s thought. He intergrated Tian of Confucian and Wu of Tao into Taixu, argued that, Qi is the carrier of Taixu, and Taixu is the base of Qi’s variation. By remould the concept of Wu and Tian with Qi, Zhangzai formed his idea that Taixu is the arche of the world. That is to say, in Zhangzai’s philosophy, Ontology and Cosmology had a close relationship especially referred to the arche. And this determines that we have to research and discuss Zhangzai’s thought of the relationship between Taixu and Qi both by way of Ontology and Cosmology. Zhangzai’s thought of arche carried out in the generation and return of Qi, so that the relationship between Taixu and Qi in Zhangzai’s thought Wandering between Ontology and Cosmology.更多还原