【作者】 刘军；

【导师】 吴建中；

【作者基本信息】 山东大学 ， 法律（专业学位）， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 公司治理对保证公司有效运行和持续发展发挥着重要作用。长久以来基于古典经济学的产权理论,大家通常认为股东作为公司的出资者,理应享有公司所有权。因而在公司治理过程中,保护股东的利益始终被放在首位而且是唯一的目标。正如弗里德曼所说,公司只有一种社会责任即为股东创造价值。衡量公司治理成败的唯一标准就是公司利润,从而造成为追求公司利润而损害其他利益相关者利益的诸多问题。上世纪60年代,利益相关者理论开始进入人们的视野,让人们可以从另一个角度理解公司治理这一问题。随着专业化和技术水平的进一步提升,公司员工提供的人力资本对于公司的价值越发重要；与公司经营状况有紧密关系的债权人有着更强烈的参与公司治理的动机；随着对生活质量要求的提高、权利意识的增强,消费者和社区群体越来越重视对自身利益的保护。而这些利益群体是与公司的生存发展息息相关,所以,不仅公司要承担起一定过得社会责任,同时公司治理机制的设计要能够保护他们的利益。当前我国的市场经济体制改革还有待深化,公司法律制度和治理机制也有待于进一步完善。各国经济联系日趋紧密,国际竞争也日趋激烈,国内公司参与国际竞争的优势还不足。内部治理结构的不完善、社会责任的缺失也是制约公司发展的一大障碍。并且理论界和实务界对公司治理机制的理解存在一些误区,偏重于公司内部治理,而对利益相关者的关注不足。因此,基于利益相关者理论,对公司治理问题进行剖析,引起大家对利益相关者的重视,进而促进我国公司治理的完善成为本文的出发点。本文共分为五部分,首先是对公司治理问题的缘起和公司治理的相关理论知识,分析了股东利益最大化基础上的传统公司治理模式；第二部分介绍了利益相关者理论发展的背景以及利益相关者的界定,同时论述了利益相关者理论的理论创新及对现代公司治理的有益借鉴,分析了当前经济环境下,利益相关者理论与公司社会责任和公司治理的关系；第三部分论述了国际上有关利益相关者参与公司治理的实践,介绍了美德日等国家的治理模式,并做了比较分析,以及对我国公司治理的一点启示。第四部分着重论述了我国现有公司治理对利益相关者的重视不足,还存在有待完善之处；在各国普遍开始重视利益相关者治理的时候,认识到这些不足,才能有动力去进一步完善公司治理,进而提升公司竞争力；本文最后研究结论提出利益相关者参与公司治理过程中需要坚持的一些原则,同时对我国公司的治理机制提供一些建设性意见。希望在公司内部治理中有利益相关者的积极参与和必要的制度保证,政府加强外部治理市场的完善,确立利益相关者参与治理的法律权利,以及公司承担社会责任的法律制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Corporate Governance plays an important role in the corporate efficient operation and sustainable development. For a long time, the equity theory in classical economics has enlightened people to believe the stakeholder, as the investor of corporate, ought to possess the proprietary rights of the corporate, which mean the first and exclusive purpose of the corporate governance is to protect the interests of the stakeholder. Just like the words said by Friedman, the only one sort of social responsibility is to create values for the stockholder. In light of that, the profit of corporate becomes the sole standard to evaluate the corporate governance, which results in many problems from pursuing the profit and damaging others’interests.In the1960s, the stakeholder theory appeared, and leaded people to treat the issue of corporate governance in another view. With the improvement of specification and technique, the human capital offered by company staff weighs heavier in corporate value; The creditor has the close relationship with the state of corporate operation and their motivation to participate in the corporate governance becomes more intensive; with the enhancement of living quality request and consciousness of right, the customer and the community pay more attention to the protection of self-interests. Those interests related above are closely bound up to the corporate development. Therefore, the corporate should undertake certain social responsibility, and its governance mechanism could protect their interests.In current situation, the reform of market economic system of our country remains to be deepen further, and the legal system and governance mechanism of the corporate need to be improved. The economic connections among countries are more close gradually, the international competition is more intense, and the advantage of the interior company to participate in international competition is inadequate. In addition, the imperfect governance inner structure and the defective social responsibility are also the obstacles to the corporate development. To the comprehension of corporate governance mechanism, the theorists and the practice tend to lay particular stress on the inner governance but ignore the interests of stakeholders. For these reasons, this thesis aims to analyze the corporate governance based on the stakeholder theory to attract people’s attention to the stakeholders and then to improve the corporate governance of our country. This paper is divided into five parts. The first part is the knowledge of the origin of corporate governance issues and traditional model of corporate governance based on maximizing shareholder value; In the second part I describe the background of the development of stakeholder theory and defination of stakeholders. I discuss theoretical innovation of stakeholder theory and give useful references for modern corporate governance. I also analyze the relationship of current economic environment, corporate social responsibility and corporate governance based on stakeholders theory; In the third part I discuss practices of the relevant stakeholders participating in the corporate governance, describe the governance model of virtue Japan and other countries, and to do a comparative analysis, and that revelation of corporate governance in China. Fourth part focuses on the lack of attention of our existing corporate governance to stakeholders, which needs to be improved; Now more and more countries emphasize on stakeholder governance, as long as we recognize these shortcomings, we have an incentive to further improve the company governance, and then enhance the competitiveness of the company. At last I talk about principles we need to abide in corporate governance; Finally, I provide some constructive advices to our corporate governance mechanism. I hope to see the active participation of the stakeholders and the necessary systems in internal governance. Government should strengthen the improvement of external governance market, establish legal rights of stakeholders’participation in governance, and social responsibility legal system in the company’s internal governance.更多还原