【作者】 王琪；

【导师】 于晓南；

【作者基本信息】 北京林业大学 ， 园林植物与观赏园艺， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 芍药(Paeonia lactiflora Pall.)是我国的传统名花,其花色雅丽、花朵繁茂,在园林中应用广泛。低温、干旱和土壤盐碱化是影响芍药观赏品种推广应用的三个重要原因。本试验分别以六个芍药品种在低温胁迫(7个温度不同的处理梯度)条件下、四个芍药品种在干旱胁迫(4个含水量不同的处理水平)条件下和两个芍药品种在盐碱胁迫(9个盐浓度及pH值各不同的混合盐碱组合)条件下的各处理为对象,研究几个芍药品种对低温、干旱和盐碱胁迫的生理生化反应,并利用相关性分析、主成分分析和隶属函数法等统计方法,对各品种间的抗性分别进行综合评价和比较。研究结果如下：(1)随着温度的降低,六个芍药品种地下芽的相对电导率基本呈“S”型增加,六个芍药品种根的丙二醛含量大体呈升高趋势,可溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量虽然波动但总体有所增加,脯氨酸含量大体呈先下降后上升的趋势,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性先升高再下降然后再升高。六个芍药品种的抗寒性强弱的排序：‘大富贵’>’Monsieur Jules Elie’>’Kansas’>’Taff’>’粉玉奴’>’Pink Hawaiian Coral’。(2)随着土壤水分的减少,四个芍药品种的外部形态趋于发黄、凋落,叶片相对含水量逐渐降低,相对电导率和丙二醛含量总体呈增加趋势,可溶性糖含量与脯氨酸含量大体呈升高的趋势,‘大富贵’的可溶性蛋白含量呈“降-升-降”、其他三个品种则呈先下降后上升的变化趋势,四个品种的SOD活性变化不一但总体活性呈增强趋势,光合指标(最大净光合速率、光饱和点和光补偿点)则均随干旱胁迫的加重而降低。四个芍药品种的抗旱性强弱的排序为：’Karl Rosenfield’>’Duchesse de Nemours’>’粉玉奴’>‘大富贵’(3)随着盐碱胁迫的加重,两个芍药品种的外部形态表现趋于叶片卷曲皱缩直至凋落,叶片叶绿素含量逐渐降低,根系活力大体呈现先升高后降低的变化趋势,叶片的相对电导率和丙二醛含量均呈增加趋势,可溶性糖含量与脯氨酸含量总体呈升高的趋势,可溶性蛋白含量也呈增加的变化趋势,两个品种的SOD活性变化则随盐碱胁迫的加重大致呈先升高后降低的变化趋势。两个芍药品种的抗盐碱强弱的排序为‘大富贵’>‘粉玉奴’。本研究首次对几个国外芍药新品种及吲内两个常用品种分别进行了抗性评价,初步筛选出的抗寒性较强的’Monsieur Jules Elie’、’Kansas’和’Taff’,抗旱性较强的’Karl Rosenfield’和’Duchesse de Nemours’,以及抗盐碱能力较强的‘大富贵’,可为今后芍药的推广应用提供参考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Herbaceous peony (Paeonia lactiflora Pall.) is China’s traditional flowers. The herbaceous peony is widely used in the landscape architecture with its elegant color and luxuriant flowers. Cold, drought and soil salinization are three important reasons which affect the promotion and application of herbaceous peony ornamental cultivars. In this study, the treatment of six herbaceous peony cultivars under cold stress (seven different temperatures), four herbaceous peony cultivars under drought stress (four different soil water contents), and two herbaceous peony cultivars under saline-alkali stress were used as the experimental materials. The physiological and biochemical responses to cold, drought and soil salinization were assessed by analyzing changes in the above experiment materials, and the comprehensive evaluation and comparison of the resistance of each cultivar were conducted by usingsome statistical methods such as correlation analysis, principal component analysis and subordinate functions. The results showed that:(1) The relative electric conductivityof underground buds of six herbaceous peony cultivars generally took on S-shaped increase as the temperature declined, and the malondialdehyde content of roots of six herbaceous peony cultivars generally increased. Though soluble sugar content and soluble protein content fluctuated, they increased roughly as the temperature declined. With decreasing temperature, the proline content fell firstly and then rose up, while the superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity showed an up-down-up trend. The six cultivars could be ranked, in decreasing levels of cold resistance, as:’Da Fu Gui’m,’Monsieur Jules Elie’,’Kansas’,’Taff’,’Fen Yu Nu’, and’Pink Hawaiian Coral’.(2) With the reduction of soil water content, the leaves of four herbaceous peony cultivars tended to be yellow and withered, and the relative water content decreased gradually. Relative electric conductivity, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar content, and proline content generally increased assoil water content declined, while the soluble protein content of ’Da Fu Gui’took on a down-up-down trend, and the other three cultivars’soluble protein contents decreased firstly and then rose up. The SOD activities of four cultivars varied from each other but generally increased as the aggravation of drought stress, while the photosynthetic indicators (max net photosynthetic rate, light saturation point, and light compensation point) decreased. The four cultivars could be ranked, in decreasing levels of drought resistance, as:’Karl Rosenfield’,’Duchesse de Nemours’,’Fen Yu Nu’,and ’Da Fu Gui’.(3) With the aggravation of saline-alkali stress, the leaves of two herbaceous peony cultivars tended to be curl, wrinkled and withered, and the chlorophyll content decreased gradually, while the root vitality increased firstly and then fell down. Relative electric conductivity, malondialdehyde content, soluble sugar content, proline content, and soluble protein content generally increased as the aggravation of saline-alkali stress, and the SOD activities of two cultivars rose firstly and then decreased. The saline-alkali resistance of’Da Fu Gui’is stronger than’Fen Yu Nu’.It is the first time to evaluate the resistance of several new foreign cultivars and two common domestic cultivars of herbaceous peony in this study. The initial screening cultivars,’Monsieur Jules Elie’,’Kansas’ and ’Taff’ with strong cold resistance,’Karl Rosenfield’and’Duchesse dc Nemours’ with strong drought resistance, as well as’Da Fu Gui’with strong saline-alkali resistance, can provide references for the promotion and application of herbaceous peony in the future.更多还原