【作者】 李连生；

【导师】 陈祖斌；

【作者基本信息】 吉林大学 ， 测试计量技术及仪器， 2013， 硕士

【摘要】 随着能源需求的逐步增加，越来越多的勘探手段应用到资源勘探中来。地震勘探是一种常用的地球物理勘探方法，在资源勘探领域中得到了非常广泛的应用，地震勘探仪器当然成了地震勘探中尤为重要的一个环节，由于工作环境复杂，地震仪器的铺设和前期的测量工作成为了很大难题。无缆自定位地震仪通过接收GPS信息完成自身定位，替代了原有的测量工作，并且采用独立存储结构，摆脱了笨重的缆线，又配备无线通讯模块以实现对地震仪状态的实时监控，同时为了实现仪器的小型化，便携性，提高集成度，要将上述几方面整合到一起，由于存在不同性质的信号，事必会引起相互间的电磁干扰，因此对无缆自定位地震仪进行相应的电磁兼容性设计是非常必要的。本文首先介绍了电磁兼容的基本概念、国内外研究进展状况和主要研究内容，对电磁干扰三要素进行了论述，并通过对电磁干扰传播途径：主要分为传导耦合和辐射耦合两种，进行了模型化的分析和计算，了解电磁干扰发生的过程，并提出相应的抑制措施。PCB的电磁兼容设计是整个地震仪电磁兼容设计的重要部分，地震仪的模拟信号采集部分极其容易受到PCB本身和外部的影响，通过大量的文献阅读和实验找到PCB电磁兼容设计的主要规则规范。上述工作的完成，为后续电磁兼容性设计工作打好了理论基础。在进行了分析和计算的基础上，开始着手对地震仪进行电磁兼容设计，设计的主要方面包括电源模块、采集板和无线通讯模块。对电源模块的设计主要是通过选取干扰小的DC/DC芯片，增加滤波电容和减小电压电流变化率等方法。对PCB的设计主要体现在层叠设置、布局、布线以及地平面和电源平面的分割上。对于WIFI模块对采集模块的干扰方面主要是通过增加屏蔽盒和良好的接地来实现的。对进行相应的设计后的模块进行测试，对存在问题的部分采取了措施，使得最终结果满足要求，并在论文最后对能够反映电磁兼容设计效果的地震仪的静噪声、共模抑制以及道间串扰进行了测试，通过测试分析证明电磁兼容性设计达到要求，无缆自定位地震仪的电磁兼容设计对地震勘探仪器的集成化具有很强的实用性与指导意义。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the gradual increase of energy demand, more and more methods areapplied to resource exploration, seismic exploration is a commonly used geophysicalexploration method and has a very wide range of application in the field of resourceexploration. Of course, seismic exploration instruments become particularly importantaspect of seismic exploration, due to the complexity environment, laying and earlymeasurement of seismic instruments has become a great problem. By receivinginformation of GPS, self-positioning non-cable seismic instrument could positioneditself, instead of the original survey work, get rid of bulky cable with independentstorage structure, and equip with wireless communication module to achieve real-timestate of the seismic instrument. At the same time, in order to achieve instrumentminiaturization, portability, and improve integration, have to integrate the aboveaspects together, because of the different nature of the signals, it will causeelectromagnetic interference between each other, so it is very necessary to do thecorresponding electromagnetic compatibility design of self-positioning non-cableseismic instrument.At the beginning of this article, introduce the basic meaning of electromagneticcompatibility and the domestic and foreign research progress, and present the mainresearch content of this paper, discuss the three elements of electromagneticinterference, according to the analysis and calculation of transmission routesconsisting of conductive coupling and radiated coupling by creating models,understand the process of electromagnetic interference, and ahead of thecorresponding suppression measures. EMC design of PCB is an important part of theEMC design of the entire seismic instrument, the analog signal acquisition part isextremely vulnerable to the PCB itself and the impact external, through a lot ofliterature and experiments, find PCB EMC design rules and specification. The completion of above work lays a theoretical foundation for the subsequent design ofelectromagnetic compatibility.Base on the analysis and calculation, start to do EMC design of seismicinstrument, the main aspects of the design include power modules, acquisition boardand wireless communication module. The design of power module is primarily byselecting small interference DC/DC chips, adding filtering capacitor and decreasingcurrent and voltage rate, the design of PCB is mainly reflected in stack setting, layout,wiring, as well as the ground plane and power plane splitting, and make shielding boxto stop analog signal acquisition part from interfering of WIFI module.Test after designing, take measures to solve problematic section to make thefinal results meet the requirement, finally, test the static noise, common-moderejection ratio and road crosstalk which could reflect the effect of EMC design,through analysis of test, prove EMC design successful, EMC design ofself-positioning non-cable seismic instrument has a strong practicality andsignificance of integration of seismic instruments.更多还原